The End-State Comfort Effect in Young Children

Adalbjornsson, Carola F.; Fischman, Mark G.; Rudisill, Mary E.

doi:10.5641/193250308x13086753542816

Cited by 5 publications

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“…At 14 months, infants either do not mind the awkward end state of their arm and hand, or they are dead-set on using their preferred hand and will put up with the awkward end state. Two studies have tested children between 2.5 and 6 years of age and found that throughout this period, children do not plan grips that will end in a comfortable hand position (Adalbjornsson et al 2008, Manoel & Moreira 2005. The former study had children pick up an overturned glass and position it upright.…”

Section: Evolution Of An Action Plan: Grasping the Handle Of A Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Problem Solving in Young Children: A Critical Cognitive Skill

Keen

2011

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

188

147

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Problem solving is a signature attribute of adult humans, but we need to understand how this develops in children. Tool use is proposed as an ideal way to study problem solving in children less than 3 years of age because overt manual action can reveal how the child plans to achieve a goal. Motor errors are as informative as successful actions. Research is reviewed on intentional actions, beginning with block play and progressing to picking up a spoon in different orientations, and finally retrieving objects with rakes and from inside tubes. Behavioral and kinematic measures of motor action are combined to show different facets of skill acquisition and mastery. We need to design environments that encourage and enhance problem solving from a young age. One goal of this review is to excite interest and spur new research on the beginnings of problem solving and its elaboration during development.

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Section: Evolution Of An Action Plan: Grasping the Handle Of A Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Problem Solving in Young Children: A Critical Cognitive Skill

Keen

2011

Annu. Rev. Psychol.

188

147

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“…Vários estudos são encontrados analisando o comportamento de adultos e crianças em tarefas de planejamento com diferentes finalidades (MANOEL e MOREIRA, 2005;ADALBJORNSSON, FISCHMAN e RUDISILL, 2008;WEIGELT e SCHACK, 2010;WILMUT, BYRNE e BARNETT, 2013).…”

Section: Efeito Do Estado De Conforto Finalunclassified

Desempenho de adultos, crianças com desenvolvimento típico e crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação em uma tarefa de planejamento da ação

Medina-Papst¹

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The literature shows that adults plan in advance how to grip an object according to the goal, prioritizing the End-State-Comfort of the action (ESC), even if, to this end, they have to assume a biomechanically awkward posture during the beginning of the movement. This comfort state may be most pronounced in the face of higher precision demand. However, little is known about the development of this skill, particularly considering the characteristics of children with motor problems. To verify these questions, two studies were conducted. The first study aimed to investigate if precision demand affects the manipulative action planning of adults. Forty-six graduate students (22,0 ± 4,34 years-old) participated in a task of grabbing a wooden bar, transport it and insert it in one of two laterals targets. The precision demand was manipulated with the bar extremity and the holes of the targets (cylindrical or semi cylindrical). The percentage of ESC, the reaction time (TR), reaching time (TALC), insertion time (TENC) and the movement time (TM) were analyzed. The ESC was confirmed in both task conditions, and thus, the precision hypothesis wasn't accepted. No difference in the TR was observed, but TM was lower in the comfortable actions when compared to those uncomfortable. Higher TR and TM were observed in the conditions of higher precision demand, showing that it was necessary more time for analysis during decision making. The objective of the second study was to investigate if children with typical development (DT) and with Developmental Coordination Disorder (TDC) plan a manipulative task on two different conditions of precision demand. Sixty-three children with DT and 32 children with TDC, divided in 5-6 years-old, 7-8 years-old and 9-10 years-old groups, participated in this study. The children performed the same task of the first study. The ESC was again confirmed in the three groups of children with DT, but only in the 7-8 years-old group in children with TDC. The precision hypothesis was confirmed only in the group of younger children with DT. Children with TDC had all time scores higher than DT children, but there was no difference between the groups in planning time (TR). The ESC was evident in the DT groups in conditions of higher precision demand. Thus, children with TDC planned the action less frequently and seem to have been more cautions in movement execution, even when asked to "perform as soon as possible". Similarly, the three groups used strategies to solve the problem of the task, but only children with TDC improved the capacity of planning with practice, as seen by a decrease of the errors and an increase in the percentage of comfort in the final trial blocks. In the two studies, it was observed that, in addition to the anticipatory action planning, similar strategies were used by adults and children to solve the problem, discussed from the idea of on line planning and partially planned behavior. Keywords INTRODUÇÃOO desenvolvimento motor é um processo complexo de mudança que possibilita ao homem,...

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The Development of end‐ and beginning‐state comfort in a cup manipulation task

Scharoun

Bryden

2013

Developmental Psychobiology

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End-state comfort (ESC) is the tendency to assume comfortable postures at the end of simple object manipulation rather than at the start; and therefore has been used to assess the behavioral effects of motor planning. Adult-like patterns have been observed at age 9. Observations can extend to joint-action, such that adults consider the beginning-state comfort (BSC) of another, without sacrificing ESC; however, trends in children have yet to be delineated. This study investigated the development of ESC and BSC in a cup manipulation task. Three to 12-year-olds and adults were asked to pick up a cup and (1) pour a glass of water or (2) pass it to the researcher to pour. Paralleling previous findings, adult-like patterns of ESC were observed at age 9. Adding to the literature, adult-like evidence of BSC emerged at the age of 7. Therefore, 7-year-olds consider another's BSC; however, cannot facilitate ESC until age 9.

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The End-State Comfort Effect in Young Children

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

The Development of Problem Solving in Young Children: A Critical Cognitive Skill

The Development of Problem Solving in Young Children: A Critical Cognitive Skill

Desempenho de adultos, crianças com desenvolvimento típico e crianças com transtorno do desenvolvimento da coordenação em uma tarefa de planejamento da ação

The Development of end‐ and beginning‐state comfort in a cup manipulation task

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