The emerging risk of exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease – Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies

Kilian, Jason; Kitazawa, Masashi

doi:10.1016/j.bj.2018.06.001

Cited by 184 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…32 Exposure to polluted air has been associated with impaired cognitive function at all ages and increased risk of AD and other dementias in later life; this association is particularly notable with traffic-related pollutants. 33 Possible biological mechanisms include the provocation of oxidative stress 31 and systemic inflammatory responses, 3 disruption of the bloodbrain barrier, precipitation of Ab peptides, and microglial activation. 34,35 Exposure to ambient air pollution, especially PM 2.5 , has been associated with higher rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, 26,36 possibly due to its impact on microvascular function 37 as PM 2.5 can impair microvascular endothelium-dependent dilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

Chua

Khawaja

Morgan

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Chua SYL, Khawaja AP, Morgan J, et al.; for the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium. The relationship between ambient atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and glaucoma in a large community cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:4915-4923. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.19-28346 PURPOSE. Glaucoma is more common in urban populations than in others. Ninety percent of the world's population are exposed to air pollution above World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limits. Few studies have examined the association between air pollution and glaucoma.METHODS. Questionnaire data, ophthalmic measures, and ambient residential area air quality data for 111,370 UK Biobank participants were analyzed. Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 lm (PM 2.5 ) was selected as the air quality exposure of interest. Eye measures included self-reported glaucoma, intraocular pressure (IOP), and average thickness of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) across nine Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinal subfields as obtained from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. We examined the associations of PM 2.5 concentration with selfreported glaucoma, IOP, and GCIPL. RESULTS.Participants resident in areas with higher PM 2.5 concentration were more likely to report a diagnosis of glaucoma (odds ratio ¼ 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI] ¼ 1.01-1.12, per interquartile range [IQR] increase P ¼ 0.02). Higher PM 2.5 concentration was also associated with thinner GCIPL (b ¼ À0.56 lm, 95% CI ¼ À0.63 to À0.49, per IQR increase, P ¼ 1.2 3 10 À53 ). A dose-response relationship was observed between higher levels of PM 2.5 and thinner GCIPL (P < 0.001). There was no clinically relevant relationship between PM 2.5 concentration and IOP.CONCLUSIONS. Greater exposure to PM 2.5 is associated with both self-reported glaucoma and adverse structural characteristics of the disease. The absence of an association between PM 2.5 and IOP suggests the relationship may occur through a non-pressure-dependent mechanism, possibly neurotoxic and/or vascular effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

Chua

Khawaja

Morgan

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…For the vast majority of other sporadic forms, the causes remain unclear. However, several environmental factors are known to increase disease risk, including infections (Itzhaki et al, 2016), lipid dysregulation (Mesa-Herrera et al, 2019), pollution (Kilian and Kitazawa, 2018), and traumatic brain injury (Johnson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Etiology Of Amyloidopathiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling the Amyloid Pathways: A Mechanistic Approach to Etiology

et al. 2020

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Amyloids are fibrillar protein aggregates associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), type II diabetes and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The process of amyloid polymerization involves three pathological protein transformations; from natively folded conformation to the cross-β conformation, from biophysically soluble to insoluble, and from biologically functional to non-functional. While amyloids share a similar cross-β conformation, the biophysical transformation can either take place spontaneously via a homogeneous nucleation mechanism (HON) or catalytically on an exogenous surface via a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism (HEN). Here, we postulate that the different nucleation pathways can serve as a mechanistic basis for an etiological classification of amyloidopathies, where hereditary forms generally follow the HON pathway, while sporadic forms follow seed-induced (prions) or surface-induced (including microbially induced) HEN pathways. Critically, the conformational and biophysical amyloid transformation results in loss-of-function (LOF) of the original natively folded and soluble protein. This LOF can, at least initially, be the mechanism of amyloid toxicity even before amyloid accumulation reaches toxic levels. By highlighting the important role of non-protein species in amyloid formation and LOF mechanisms of toxicity, we propose a generalized mechanistic framework that could help better understand the diverse etiology of amyloid diseases and offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions, including replacement therapies.

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“…Air pollution is a major contributor to stroke, heart, and neurodegenerative disease [28][29][30][31], lung cancer [32], COPD [33], respiratory infections [34], and asthma [35]. Particulate air pollution is a risk factor for cognitive decline [36][37][38][39], and for Alzheimer's Dementia later in life [36]. Particulate air pollution is a risk factor for children having cognitive defects [38,39] and for Autism Spectrum Disorder in children [40,41].…”

Section: Fig 4 White and Black Particulate Trails Above Danby Vermmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemtrails are Not Contrails: Radiometric Evidence

Herndon¹,

Hoisington²,

Whiteside³

2020

JGEESI

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Aims: Concerted efforts are made to deceive the public into falsely believing the jet-emplaced tropospheric aerosol trails, called chemtrails by some, are harmless ice-crystal contrails from aircraft engine exhaust-moisture. Our objective is to use radiometric measurements in the range 250-300 nm to show that a typical chemtrail is not a contrail, and to generalize that finding with additional data. Methods: We utilized International Light Technologies ILT950UV Spectral Radiometer mounted on a Meade LXD55 auto guider telescope tripod and mount assembly. Results: Radiometric solar irradiance spectra data that included the transit of a typical tropospheric aerosol trail between radiometer-sensor and the solar disc showed significant absorption during the transit period. The during-transit absorption is wholly inconsistent with the almost negligible adsorption by ice, but is wholly consistent with absorption by aerosolize particulates, including coal fly ash. This result is consistent with other aerosol-trail physical phenomena observations. Conclusions: The public and the scientific community have been systematically deceived into falsely believing that the pervasive, jet-sprayed ‘chemtrails’ are harmless ice-crystal contrails. We have presented radiometric measurements which unambiguously prove the falsity of that characterization for one specific, but typical instance. We show in a more general framework that the physical manifestations of the aerial trails are inconsistent with ice-crystal contrails, but entirely consistent with aerosol particulate trails. We describe potential reasons for the deception, and cite the extremely adverse consequences of the aerial particulate spraying on human and environmental health. For the sake of life on Earth, the modification of the natural environment by aerial particulate spraying and other methodologies must immediately and permanently end.

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The emerging risk of exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease – Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies

Cited by 184 publications

References 125 publications

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

Disentangling the Amyloid Pathways: A Mechanistic Approach to Etiology

Chemtrails are Not Contrails: Radiometric Evidence

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The emerging risk of exposure to air pollution on cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease – Evidence from epidemiological and animal studies

Cited by 184 publications

References 125 publications

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

Disentangling the Amyloid Pathways: A Mechanistic Approach to Etiology

Chemtrails are Not Contrails: Radiometric Evidence

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort

The Relationship Between Ambient Atmospheric Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) and Glaucoma in a Large Community Cohort