The Emerging Electric Vehicle and Battery Industry in Indonesia: Actions around the Nickel Ore Export Ban and a SWOT Analysis

Abstract

As the automotive industry shifts from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), many countries are setting new strategies in their transportation sector. The Li-ion battery is currently the most common battery used in EVs due to its high energy density, durability, safety, and cost competitiveness. Nickel is predicted to be an essential component for the lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NMC) as a cathode material of choice for EV applications. Indonesia, one of the world’s largest nickel ore suppliers, put an export ban on nickel ore effective from 2020. The bold movement was intended to initiate the domestic EV industry and encourage investors abroad to drive their manufacturing activities into the country. On the other hand, the global Li-ion battery manufacturers who imported nickel from Indonesia had to restrategize their businesses. This review discussed the chronological events leading to the ban and after the ban from the media, government regulations, and literature reviews. The authors of this study also conducted interviews and attended seminars with the national experts and key players in the battery and EV industry to gain their most pertinent insights. The SWOT analysis of the reviewed materials indicated that while the Indonesian battery industry is still new, it needs to diversify its research and development activities and collaborate internationally to optimize the utilization of its resources and meet the purchasing power of the domestic EV market. Finally, this study summarized six key factors to support Indonesia’s ambition to be a new regional hub for EVs. These factors are: (1) pricing, (2) technology, (3) policy, (4) investment, (5) infrastructure, and (6) compliance with sustainability standards.

Peningkatan Kompetensi Siswa SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta mengenai Industri Baterai Lithium Ion

“…Kebutuhan nikel dalam industri baterai didukung dengan ketersediaan nikel yang melimpah di Indonesia. Indonesia mengalami pertumbuhan produksi nikel tertinggi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ini [4]. Beberapa pabrik peleburan logam telah beroperasi dan sedang dibangun untuk memasok bahan baku bagi industri baterai.…”

SWOT Approach for Audience Online Conversion Rate: An Applied Research on Scenic Spot Projects

“…On the other hand, the convergence of strengths and weaknesses improves. In order to improve the global search ability of SWOT, nonlinear adjustment coe cient and linear weight are integrated, and the speci c calculation formula is as formula (8).…”

“…In previous studies, (1) mainly adjust the four parameters of SWOT, and then compare it with the online conversion rate index of audience, so as to realize single index and multi index analysis in a certain stage Qasim Q. I. [ 7 ]; (2) build the audience online conversion rate set and classify the data in the set Pandyaswargo A. H. [ 8 ]. Finally, time division is carried out according to the weight of classification to improve the accuracy of SWOT analysis Panayotova M. [ 9 ]; and (3) compare with other intelligent analysis models, such as the Bayesian theory and grey theory, to verify the accuracy of the model Nair A. S. [ 10 ].…”

A bolder conservation future for Indonesia by prioritising biodiversity, carbon and unique ecosystems in Sulawesi

“…Of the 79 PAs in Sulawesi, Lore Lindu National Park (NP) was the first to be designated (in 1982) and Gandang Dewata NP the most recently created (2016), which indicates the government’s willingness, commitment, and ambition to expand its PA network. Sulawesi also has the world's largest nickel deposit 33 , which is currently the most sought-after element for the development of electric vehicle batteries 34 .…”