The emergency reaction questionnaire – First steps towards a new method

Psychological well-being, risk factors, and coping strategies with social isolation and new challenges in times of adversity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The current situation is accompanied by several features that contribute to its uncertainty (e.g., fake news regarding the nature of the virus, job loss, uncertainty about how academic life will continue, etc.). Therefore, individuals who find it hard to accept and adapt to the difficulties caused by COVID-19 might further experience psychic hardship as supported by our results and by previous ones as well ( Coelho et al, 2020 ; Jensen et al, 2016 ; Miranda et al, 2008 ; Zsido et al, 2020 ). Somewhat surprisingly COVID knowledge (true and false belief) had little effect, while contamination fear did not correlate with the indicators of well-being.…”

“…The sudden change in life circumstances can cause great distress for the students ( Evans et al, 2021 ; Martínez-Lorca et al, 2020 ; Paton & Flin, 1999 ). Nevertheless, there could be significant individual differences in the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on people's lives ( Bäuerle et al, 2020 ; Garfin et al, 2020 ) similarly to other emergencies and disasters ( Zsido et al, 2020 ). For instance, for many students, shutting down universities might have severe negative effects on their lifestyles, especially for those from more vulnerable populations (e.g., from lower SES, unstable families, having mental health illness, or learning challenges).…”

On the Nature of Fear and Anxiety Triggered by COVID-19

“…Emergencies that occur during natural disasters, such as avalanches, earthquakes, floods, and hail, and human-made disasters, such as a building collapse, air disasters, industrial/technological accidents, and fires tend to be sudden, unexpected, and ephemeral. These kinds of threat recruit defensive responses similar to the ones recruited during unexpected personal situations such as when crossing a road, riding a bicycle or driving a car, or when faced with dangerous animals or people ( Zsido et al, 2020b ). Defensive behaviors are immediate responses ( LeDoux, 2012 ) triggered by activity in survival circuits that detects threats ( LeDoux, 2014 ) and leading to the conscious emotion of fear that follows immediately.…”

Data survey of students behavioral and psychological adaptations in disaster-prone areas of Mount Merapi in Indonesia

“… [5] and Zulch [6] , while questions related to psychological adaptation are based on instruments developed by Zsido et al. [7] and Zulch [6] . 26 questions were presented using a Likert scale 1–5 points from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’.…”