The emergency first aid responder system model: using community members to assist life-threatening emergencies in violent, developing areas of need

Sun, J.; Wallis, Lee

doi:10.1136/emermed-2011-200271

Cited by 65 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These results warrant the implementation of strategies that improve CPR quality for at-home OHCAs. In particular, the shortening of response time [15] and recruitment of well-trained, highly motivated rescuers to scenes of at-home OHCAs [31][32][33] may be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with quality of bystander CPR: The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR without instruction

et al. 2014

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Aims:To identify the factors associated with good-quality bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that multiple rescuers (odds ratio=2.8, 95% CI: 1.5-5.6), bystander-initiated BCPR (2.7, 1.1-7.3), non-elderly bystanders (1.9, 1.1-3.2), occurrence in the central region (2.1, 1.3-3.3) and duration of BCPR (1.1, 1.0-1.1) were associated with good-quality BCPR. Moreover, good-quality BCPR was initiated earlier after recognition/witness of cardiac arrest compared with poor-quality BCPR (3 vs. 4 min, p=0.0052). MethodsThe rate of neurologically favourable survival at one year was 2.7% and 0% in the good-quality and poor-quality groups, respectively (p=0.1357). Conclusions:The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR are predominantly associated with good-quality BCPR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with quality of bystander CPR: The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR without instruction

et al. 2014

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“…While some reports address the impact of establishing formal professional prehospital systems (9, 59, 82), several reports describe innovative lay provider initiatives that led to improved mortality and other positive impacts. For example, a motorcycle-based prehospital transport system for snakebite victims in Nepal and the establishment of layperson prehospital care systems in Cambodia, Iraq, and South Africa illustrate the potential for prehospital care to be effective, even with resource-limited implementation (48,49,86,90).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A notable number of included reports from our review (16 reports, mostly among those addressing training or prehospital initiatives) described the systematic use of lay providers to deliver emergency care services. Lay provider programs in Ghana, South Africa, and Uganda demonstrated long-term skill retention and utilization (50,67,90). Programs in rural Cambodia (49), Iraq (48), and Nepal (86) demonstrated improved mortality and were highly cost-effective.…”

Section: Lay Providersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Trauma Care Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Reynolds

Stewart

Drewett

et al. 2017

Annu. Rev. Public Health

139

120

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Injury is a leading cause of death globally, and organized trauma care systems have been shown to save lives. However, even though most injuries occur in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), most trauma care research comes from high-income countries where systems have been implemented with few resource constraints. Little context-relevant guidance exists to help policy makers set priorities in LMICs, where resources are limited and where trauma care may be implemented in distinct ways. We have aimed to review the evidence on the impact of trauma care systems in LMICs through a systematic search of 11 databases. Reports were categorized by intervention and outcome type and summarized. Of 4,284 records retrieved, 71 reports from 32 countries met inclusion criteria. Training, prehospital systems, and overall system organization were the most commonly reported interventions. Quality-improvement, costing, rehabilitation, and legislation and governance were relatively neglected areas. Included reports may inform trauma care system planning in LMICs, and noted gaps may guide research and funding agendas.

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“…Firefighters as medical first responders have been tested in both Australia and Sweden (Smith et al, 2001;Sund et al, 2012), and the role of security officers as key first responders in emergencies such as cardiac arrests and fire incidents has been described as positive (Weinholt & Andersson Granberg, 2015;Valenzuela et al, 2000). A community-based Emergency First Aid Responder (EFAR) system was implemented in Cape Town in order to involve local communities for a more effective response to emergencies (Sun & Wallis, 2012). The emerging role of nongovernmental actors, private parties and volunteers has been mentioned many times in the research literature (e.g., Ali et al, 2006;Gunnarsson & Svavarsdóttir, 2007;Larson et al, 2006;Pilemalm et al, 2013;Waugh & Streib, 2006).…”

Section: New Forms Of Collaboration In Erssmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Forms of Collaboration in Emergency Response Systems: A framework for participatory design of information systems

Mojir¹

2016

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An emergency response systems (ERS) is usually responsible for delivering essential services to save lives and minimise environmental damage in case of small, frequent or large-scale emergencies. The ongoing global financial crisis, lack of professional resources, public sector cuts and rising public expectations are some of the challenges ERSs currently are facing. At the same time, societal trends in form of large-scale disasters such as tsunamis, storms, forest fires, terror attacks, and wars in the Middle East leading to mass migration have intensified recently and globally, increasing demand for these services in the public sector. As a result, emergency response actors are often under extreme pressure, and may need to seek assistance from and cooperate with other resources in society in order to become more effective. An emerging trend in ERSs in response to the challenges, in Sweden and internationally, is to create new forms of collaboration in emergency management (e.g., cross-sector collaboration, involving citizens in e-government, and involving volunteers). While research and practice have started to show the benefits of organising ERSs in new ways, the increasingly broad set of heterogeneous stakeholders involved in the collaborations introduce various challenges. Legal issues, unclear responsibilities of actors, difficulty in the categorisation of tasks, job insurance problems, diversity in education and background of actors, and difficulty determining actors' specific needs for IS support are some examples. Analysis of collaborations thus becomes increasingly complex, and must incorporate many aspects. Rudimentary analyses may result in failure of related projects and IS development, and ultimately in less effective collaborations. New forms of collaboration must therefore be analysed and understood rigorously, generally and in each specific context in order to develop them for ERSs and the public sector and to support actors with effective IS tools.This thesis develops and presents a framework for analysing new forms of collaboration in ERSs. It also provides an initial suggestion on how to apply the framework with a specific focus on IS development. The study was carried out as a qualitative case study based on three kinds of collaboration in the Swedish ERS: co-operative, cross-sector use of resources, involving civil volunteers in response operations and co-location of actors. The framework has fifteen dimensions. Sociotechnical systems theory and participatory design principles were applied to make the framework usable in the IS field. The framework can be used generally to analyse new forms of collaboration in ERSs in order to understand its different aspects and emergent challenges, such as actors' tasks, relevant laws, leadership and organisational factors, which may otherwise be overlooked, into the analysis process. As to IS development, the framework can contribute to organisational analysis and needs analysis in the participatory design of IS for ERSs, e.g. by helping to identi...

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The emergency first aid responder system model: using community members to assist life-threatening emergencies in violent, developing areas of need

Abstract: The EFAR system is a low-cost, versatile model that can be used in a developing region both to lay the foundation for an emergency care system or support a new one to maturity.

Cited by 65 publications

References 19 publications

Factors associated with quality of bystander CPR: The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR without instruction

Factors associated with quality of bystander CPR: The presence of multiple rescuers and bystander-initiated CPR without instruction

The Impact of Trauma Care Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

New Forms of Collaboration in Emergency Response Systems: A framework for participatory design of information systems

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