The emergence of parvoviruses of carnivores

Abstract

The emergence of canine parvovirus (CPV) represents a well-documented example highlighting the emergence of a new virus through cross-species transmission. CPV emerged in the mid-1970s as a new pathogen of dogs and has since become endemic in the global dog population. Despite widespread vaccination, CPV has remained a widespread disease of dogs, and new genetic and antigenic variants have arisen and sometimes reached high frequency in certain geographic regions or throughout the world. Here we review our understanding of this emergence event and contrast it to what is known about the emergence of a disease in mink caused by mink enteritis virus (MEV). In addition, we summarize the evolution of CPV over the past 30 years in the global dog population, and describe the epidemiology of contemporary parvovirus infections of dogs and cats. CPV represents a valuable model for understanding disease emergence through cross-species transmission, while MEV provides an interesting comparison.

Canine parvovirus: the worldwide occurrence of antigenic variants

“…Transmission between domestic and wild carnivores may also readily occur, while direct transmission through close contact or predation on smaller carnivores has been proposed, the viruses are probably readily transmitted across long distances by fomites (Baker & Parrish, 2001;Hoelzer & Parrish, 2010).…”

Parasitology, Virology, and Serology of Free-Ranging Coyotes (Canis latrans) from Central Georgia, USA

“…In 1978, CPV type 2 (CPV-2) was found in domestic dogs and in wild canines 1 yr later (Hoelzer and Parrish 2010). By 2000, there were three variants of CPV-2 (2a, 2b, and 2c), and all three are now found in multiple hosts worldwide (Hoelzer et al 2008).…”

Designing Two Individual AcMNPV Polyhedrin-Plus Bac-to-Bac Expression System in order to Express GFP and CPV-VP2 in Insect Cells

“…Canine parvovirus (CPV) belongs to Parvovirus genus of this family and fi rst appeared in the late 1970s, as a new disease. It is prevalent in dogs around the world (1,2,3). CPV particles have a diameter of 25 nm and are composed of three proteins, VP1 (viral protein-1), VP2 (viral protein-2), and VP3 (viral protein-3) (4).…”