The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Rambaut, Andrew; Wlasiuk, Gabriela; Spira, Thomas J.; Pitchenik, Arthur E.; Worobey, Michael

doi:10.1073/pnas.0705329104

Cited by 308 publications

(292 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…York (Simon et al, 2002) results in larger epidemics, and was chosen to correspond to an equivalent period from HIV emergence in the USA (Gilbert et al, 2007) (Dougan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intrinsic stochasticity on transmitted HIV drug resistance patterns

Marks

Pillay

McLean

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…York (Simon et al, 2002) results in larger epidemics, and was chosen to correspond to an equivalent period from HIV emergence in the USA (Gilbert et al, 2007) (Dougan et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of intrinsic stochasticity on transmitted HIV drug resistance patterns

Marks

Pillay

McLean

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…5 Previous phylogenetic studies have suggested that the AIDS epidemic in the United States was most probably introduced from HT, the country that coexists with the DR on the island of Hispaniola. 6,7 Nevertheless, it is reasonable that the booming tourist industry and the high levels of population movement between HT and the DR in the 1950s might have created conditions for the entry of pathogens earlier than has been estimated in the previous literature. 33 In addition, the 1960s was a turbulent decade, beginning, as it did, with the fall of a 3-decades-long dictatorship, a U.S. military intervention, and a new constitution that marked the beginning of civil liberties and included greater tolerance for sexual preferences and expression, among others.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…5 A previous molecular clock study estimated that the US HIV-1B founder virus originated in 1967 (CI: 1967(CI: -1971, and the introduction of the viral infection in HT is considered to antedate that in the United States. 6 Previous phylogenetic studies have suggested that the AIDS epidemic in the United States most probably originated in HT. 7 Economic and social-political changes can influence the epidemiology of newly introduced pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication: HIV-1 Subtype B in the Dominican Republic: Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology

LópezPablo

Rivera-AmillVanessa

Paulino-Ramírez

et al. 2015

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

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The Caribbean region has the world second highest incidence rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The island of Hispaniola is composed of two sovereign nations: the Dominican Republic and Haiti. Together, they account for more than 85% of HIV/AIDS cases in the Caribbean; and the Dominican Republic alone has approximately 46,000 (33,000-59,000) HIV-1-infected adults and children. Despite this, the magnitude of the genetic variability and evolution of the HIV-1 virus in the Dominican Republic is unclear. In the current study, we analyzed 195 reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences obtained from the Los Alamos HIV database. The data were used to assess the course of the viral epidemic over time in the Dominican Republic, using a coalescent approach. Based on the data, we estimated that the timing of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of local HIV-1 subtype B emerged in 1963, approximately. In addition, the Bayesian analysis provided new information that suggests that the epidemic in the Dominican Republic experienced a significant decrease in relative genetic diversity in the past 2 decades. The results suggest that adherence to antiretroviral therapy, adequate prevention campaigns, and better access to health care may be altering the virus's evolution in the Dominican Republic.

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“…Cases of AIDS had also been documented among Haitians living in the United States at that time (Gilbert et al, 2007). In 1982, cases were reported in Jamaica and Bermuda (Caribbean The largest number of people living with the virus is on the island of Hispaniola, where the combined number of PLHIV in Haiti and the Dominican Republic is 182,000 (Avert, 2014).…”

Section: Hiv and Aids In The Caribbeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protecting HIV-Positive Children in Jamaica: Exploring Policy, Practice and Institutional Responses

Miller

Wallder

2016

Children and Young People Living With HIV/AIDS

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HIV/AIDS is widespread in Jamaica with circa 32,000 individuals, including circa 2,700 children and young people, a prevalence rate of approximately 1.7% of the adult population (Ministry of Health, Jamaica, 2011). This is a threat to development in a country of 2.7 million. Lack of education, stigma and discrimination are among the key drivers behind the spread of HIV in Jamaica. This study was convened to understand the schooling experience of HIV+/AIDS children and young people in Jamaica. At the moment, there is only a limited body of research literature on this topic in the Caribbean. The theoretical perspective used to scaffold this study was based in Human Rights. Documentary Analysis, Focus Groups and In-depth Interview were the main qualitative methods used in this two-phase socio-legal study. The main conclusions arrived at are that HIV+/AIDS children and young people are well supported by a tapestry of international, national laws and policies, and local support services that coalesce to safeguard the status and personhood of an HIV+ young person.

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The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond

Cited by 308 publications

References 33 publications

The effect of intrinsic stochasticity on transmitted HIV drug resistance patterns

The effect of intrinsic stochasticity on transmitted HIV drug resistance patterns

Short Communication: HIV-1 Subtype B in the Dominican Republic: Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology

Protecting HIV-Positive Children in Jamaica: Exploring Policy, Practice and Institutional Responses

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