The embryonic lympho-neuro-endocrine relationship

Janković, Branislav D.; Isaković, Katarina; Mićić, Mileva; Knežević, Z.

doi:10.1016/0090-1229(81)90014-3

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In chickens, an excellent experimental model for ontogenetical studies, we reported, several years ago, important morphological changes in the thymus of embryos deprived of the major neuroendocrine centers including the pineal system, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland, by early partial decapitation (DCx embryos) (Herrad6n et al, 1991), confirming previous data by Jankovic et al (1978Jankovic et al ( , 1981Jankovic et al ( , 1982. More recently, we have demonstrated that such changes affect differently the distinct T-cell subsets, resulting in an accumulation of the most immature elements including DN (CD4-CD8-) cells and CD8CD4 cells, and an almost total disappearance of DP (CD4+CD8+) cells and TcRcq3-expressing cells with few modifications in the pattern of y6 T-cell differentiation (Moreno et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…We (Herrad6n et al, 1991;Moreno, 1994;Moreno et al, 1995) and other authors (Jankovic et al, 1978(Jankovic et al, , 1981(Jankovic et al, , 1982 have demonstrated profound changes in the thymus development of chicken embryos deprived of the major neuroendocrine centers by early partial decapitation (DCx embryos). In this model, the TcRoz/3-expressing T cells seem to be specially affected, as well as the percentage of DP (CD4+CD8+), DN (CD4-CD8-), and CD81CD4 cells, whereas y6 T cells and CD8hiCD4-cells show few changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In this model, the TcRoz/3-expressing T cells seem to be specially affected, as well as the percentage of DP (CD4+CD8+), DN (CD4-CD8-), and CD81CD4 cells, whereas y6 T cells and CD8hiCD4-cells show few changes. Although profound disturbance of the developing neuroendocrine system has been emphasized to be involved in these changes (Jankovic et al, 1981(Jankovic et al, , 1982, precise causative agents remain unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Prolactin in the Recovered T‐Cell Development ofEarly Partially Decapitated Chicken Embryo

Moreno¹,

Varas

Vicente

et al. 1997

Journal of Immunology Research

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Although different experimental approaches have suggested certain regulation of the mammalian immune system by the neuroendocrine system, the precise factors involved in the process are largely unknown. In previous reports, we demonstrated important changes in the thymic development of chickens deprived of the major neuroendocrine centers by the removal of embryonic prosencephalon at 33-38 hr of incubation (DCx embryos) (Herrad6n et al., 1991;Moreno et al., 1995). In these embryos, there was a stopping of T-cell maturation that resulted in an accumulation of the most immature T-cell subsets (CD4-CD8-cells and CD4-CD8 cells) and, accordingly, in decreased numbers of DP (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes and mature CD3+TcRcq cells, but not CD3+TcRy6 lymphocytes. In the present work, we restore the thymic histology as well as the percentage of distinct T-cell subsets of DCx embryos by supplying recombinant chicken prolactin, grafting of embryonic pituitary gland, or making cephalic chick-quail chimeras. The recovery was not, however, whole and the percentage of CD3+TcRcq3 thymocytes did not reach the normal values observed in 17-day-old control ShamDCx embryos. The results are discussed on the basis of a key role for prolactin in chicken T-cell maturation. This hormone could regulate the transition of DN (CD4-CD8-) thymocytes to the DP (CD4+CD8+) cell compartment through its capacity for inducing IL-2 receptor expression on the former.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of Prolactin in the Recovered T‐Cell Development ofEarly Partially Decapitated Chicken Embryo

Moreno¹,

Varas

Vicente

et al. 1997

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Jankovic and colleagues, by applying the classic endocrinological model of partial decapitation (Fugo, 1940;Betz, 19671, demonstrated that the elimination of the prosencephalon at 33-38 h r of 0 1991 WILEY-LISS, INC incubation brought about a noticeable delay in the embryonic development of chicken lymphoid organs (Jankovic et al, 1978(Jankovic et al, , 1980(Jankovic et al, , 1981(Jankovic et al, , 1982Micic et al, 1983). In the present paper we confirm and expand on those studies analyzing the ultrastructural, morphometric, and histoenzymatic changes affecting the embryonic development of the chicken thymus after partial decapitation at 33-38 hr of incubation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early partial decapitation on the ontogenic development of chicken lymphoid organs. I. Thymus

1991

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For the present study we used the classic model of early partial decapitation (DCx) of chicken embryos (Fugo, J. Exp. Zool., 85: 271-298, 1940; Betz, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol., 9: 172-186, 1967) in an attempt to analyze the neuroendocrine immune relationships during ontogeny. The elimination of the prosencephalon in chickens at 33-38 hr of incubation induced profound structural, histochemical, and morphometric changes in the embryonic development of the thymus gland. These included a greater development of the cortex than of the medulla, an increased mitotic index, high numbers of pyknotic cells, and enlarged connective tissue trabeculae containing numerous large lymphoid cells; hypertrophied reticular-epithelial cells; delayed appearance of medullary epithelial cysts; and intrathymic granulopoiesis. Furthermore, preliminary radioimmunoassays revealed a sharp increase in the values of circulating thymic hormones, mainly thymosin beta 4 in 17-day-old embryos. The results are discussed with regard to the possible role of prolactin, thyroxine, testosterone, and thymic hormones in the ontogenic development of the chicken thymus.

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“…Experiments suggested that bursal development is under hypophyseal control; in fact, in early hypophysectomized (partially decerebrated) chick embryos, the bursa was underdeveloped, with a reduction in the number of follicles and lymphocytes (Jankovic et al, 1981;Mastrolia et al, 1986;Mastrolia et al 1992) and the FAE and IFE cells were undifferentiated (Romano et al, 1996). This picture was partially restored by hypophyseal grafts in the decerebrated embryos (Mastrolia et al, 1987;Romano et al, 1996).…”

Section: T Is Well Established That the Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

Mazzone¹,

Aita²,

Gabrielli³

et al. 2009

Eur J Histochem

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The Bursa of Fabricius of 15 day, 1-, 3-, and 6 month-old adult chickens (White Leghorn strain) were studied by histological and histochemical staining, histoenzymatic reactions (LDH, SDH, α-GPDH, NAD, NADPH, Ca ++ -dependent ATP-ase, pH 8.5) and by anti-thymostimulin immunoreaction. Positive reactions for mucopolysaccharides and enzymatic activities were located in the epithelia of the follicles, i.e. in follicleassociated-epithelium (FAE), inter-follicle-epithelium (IFE) and in different epithelial compartments of cortical and medullary zones. Positive reaction for thymostimulin-like (TSlike) substance was restricted to FAE cells and weakly to the basal lamina of IFE. In 6-month-old chickens, the FAE cells disappeared; the phenomenon of bursal regression was evident, although not all the follicles were involved. In the few still normal follicles, the good reactivity to the enzymes tested suggests that residual physiological activity is still present, even if reduced. , 1621) is a primary lymphoid organ peculiar to birds. The bursa is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of B-lymphocytes to produce humoral immunological responses. The other primary lymphoid organ, the thymus, instead, is responsible for the maturation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes, leading to cellular immunological responses (Dent and Good, 1965;Schaffner et al., 1974a;Le Douarin et al., 1984).The structure of the bursa has been described both during the ontogenetic period (Jolly, 1911a(Jolly, , 1914Cordier, 1969;Edwards et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1975;Le Douarin et al., 1976;Le Douarin et al., 1984;Ritter and Lebacq, 1977) and during the posthatching period up to its involution (Jolly, 1911b(Jolly, ,1914Mc Connachie and Ruth, 1973;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Bellamy and Mohamed, 1982;Davenport and Allen, 1985).Since the discovery that the bursa was implicated in the differentiation of B-lymphocytes for humoral immunity (Chang et al., 1955;Glick et al., 1956;Papermaster and Good, 1962;Peterson and Good, 1965), attention was focused, on the one hand, on lymphoid cell populations (Ackermann and Knouff, 1959;Ackermann, 1962;Woods and Linna, 1965;Cooper et al., 1966; Toivanen et al., 1972 a,b;Toivanen et al., 1974;Back et al., 1973;Grossi et al., 1974;Grossi et al., 1976;Glick, 1974Glick, , 1983Glick, , 1995Glick et al., 1975;Eerola et al., 1982;Brand et al., 1983;Pink et al., 1985;Lassila, 1989;Nowak et al., 1990;Motyka and Reynolds, 1991;Petrini et al., 1991;Paramithiotis and Ratcliffe, 1993, 1994 a,b, 1996Reynaud and Weill, 1993;Masteller and Thompson, 1994;Masteller et al., 1995;Paramithiotis et al., 1995;Obranovich and Boyd, 1996;Funk and Thompson, 1996) and, on the other hand, on the epithelial stroma providing the bursal microenvironment within which B-cell maturation and differentiation occurs.

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The embryonic lympho-neuro-endocrine relationship

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Role of Prolactin in the Recovered T‐Cell Development ofEarly Partially Decapitated Chicken Embryo

Role of Prolactin in the Recovered T‐Cell Development ofEarly Partially Decapitated Chicken Embryo

Effects of early partial decapitation on the ontogenic development of chicken lymphoid organs. I. Thymus

Identification of cells secreting a thymostimulin-like substance and examination of some histoenzymatic pathways in aging avian primary lymphatic organs: II. Bursa of Fabricius

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