On the basis of modal analysis theory, a free modal test and a work modal test of the HSK tool holder and thin-disk cutters with the vibration measuring method were carried out. The modal parameters such as inherent frequency, damping ratio and modal shapes were gained. These modal parameters were compared with modal parameters, which were gained with the finite element method. The results verified whether the construction of the finite element modal was reasonable or not, and provided technical help for exploring the dynamic characteristics and structural optimization of HSK tool system, making the full use of HSK tool holder in high- speed machining.