The Efficacy of Warm Compresses in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and <i>Demodex Folliculorum</i> Blepharitis

Murphy, Órla; O’Dwyer, Veronica; Lloyd-McKernan, Aoife

doi:10.1080/02713683.2019.1686153

Cited by 18 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Moreover, the benefits could last for 6 months when subjects continued the therapy occasionally. Murphy et al [18] (I) showed that increasing the treatment time to 10 min seemed to be equally effective. However, Ngo et al [19] (I) found no significant changes in clinical signs after 1 month using the MGDRx EyeBag Ò twice a day for 10 min.…”

Section: Warming Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Instruments Targeting Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

et al. 2020

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The most prevalent type of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), which is obstructive, is the main cause of evaporative dry eye and is characterized by changes in the meibum composition and duct obstruction. Eyelid hygiene has usually been the most common clinical approach. However, alternative therapies for MGD are emerging on the market. Some warming and humidity devices have led to an improvement in the signs and symptoms in MGD patients. Likewise, eyelid massaging and cleaning devices are also beneficial for ocular signs and symptoms; however, patients usually need more than one session to maintain the therapeutic effect. Thermal pulsation has been reported to be more efficient than other strategies, and the effects can last up to 12 months. Moreover, intense pulsed light therapy has been demonstrated to improve ocular signs and symptoms alone and in combination with other therapies. Proper counseling of clinicians considering MGD status and patient compliance will help patients to undergo the adequate technique that best suits their condition.

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Section: Warming Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic Instruments Targeting Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

et al. 2020

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“…We wondered whether young patients are more susceptible to corneal involvement than elderly patients. However, other studies that mostly included elderly patients have shown that the most common clinical features are MGD and eye dryness with predominantly D. folliculorum (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in ocular demodicosis: Demodex profiles and clinical manifestations

Li¹,

Luo²,

Liao³

et al. 2021

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Demodex infestation is highly age-dependent. Intriguingly, our previous studies that focused on children and young adult patients suggested that the clinical features of young patients were different from those studies enrolling mainly elderly patients. Whether age plays a role between young and elderly patients with ocular demodicosis remains unclear.Methods: This prospective comparative study included 91 patients younger than 35 years and 92 older than 45 years with ocular demodicosis. Demodex mite count, symptoms, tear film, and ocular changes were compared between the two groups. Risk factors of meibomian gland loss (MGL) and corneal changes were analysed in the two groups.Results: Demodex counts were comparable between the two groups. Young patients had higher D. brevis counts and overall percentage of D. brevis, while elderly patients had more D. folliculorum (all P<0.05).Irritation and blurred vision were more common in young patients, while eye fatigue and photophobia were more common in elderly patients (both P<0.05). The two groups had comparable tear volume and tear break-up time. Meibomian gland dysfunction was the most common sign in both groups but MGL was significantly more severe in young patients. More prevalent corneal changes and more eyelash disorders were found in young patients (both P<0.05). Female sex, a higher D. brevis percentage, lid margin anomalies, and MGL were associated with corneal change, while a higher D. brevis percentage and lid margin anomalies were related to MGL in young patients. MGL was associated with corneal change, but age was the only predictor of MGL in the elderly group.Conclusions: Young patients with ocular demodicosis tend to have more D. brevis infestation, more MGL, and more corneal involvement.

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“…The OSDI scores at baseline ranged from 13 to 66 indicating mild to moderate DED severity. Two weeks use, twice a day, has previously been shown to be an effective duration of treatment of the meibomian glands to observe improvements in symptoms and signs such as tear stability, lipid layer thickness and meibomian gland expressability, but generally not ocular surface staining or meibomian gland drop-out (Table 1) [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Several studies have shown immediate patient benefit from even a single session of eyelid warming [10,20,37] including in non-dry eye individuals [4,11], making this an attractive treatment option.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such treatments include infrared devices [8,9], warm compresses [10,11], disposable eyelid warming devices [12] and warm moist air devices [13]. The efficacy of warm compresses are presented in Table 1 [10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Studies regarding what the most optimal temperature to melt the meibum of the glands might be suggest reasonable variability [25], perhaps greater in patients with MGD [26], affecting the efficacy of lid warming treatments.are in place [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of a novel water propelled, heating eye mask massager on tear film and ocular adnexa

Trave-Huarte

Wolffsohn

2021

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

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Purpose: to determine the effectiveness of the Aurai water propelled, heating Eye Massager (AEM) in managing dry eye disease and its effects on the ocular adnexa.Methods: This was a prospective, randomised cross-over study that enrolled 15 participants (aged 25.8 ± 5.45 years, 5 male). Participants wore a smart watch 24 hours a day to track their sleeping cycle and heart rate for 4 weeks, using the AEM twice a day for 2 of those weeks. A cycle of 6 minutes of a controlled heat and vibration pattern in the morning and another cycle in the evening were applied with the AEM. Primary outcomes of symptomatology (Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and Symptom Assessment iN Dry Eye (SANDE)), tear film homeostasis markers (osmolarity, noninvasive breakup time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), lipid layer thickness and ocular staining) and safety measures (ocular redness and intraocular pressure), were assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks of AEM use and after 2 weeks of no treatment (in random-sequence). Sleeping tracking (ST) and heart rate/blood oxygen detection over these periods was also assessed.Results: There was a significant change in OSDI score from 34.3±19.5 at baseline to 18.8±17.5 after treatment (p = 0.001) and also for the SANDE (5.7 ± 2.4 vs 3.7 ± 2.1; p = 0.001). Heart rate was not affected by treatment (p=0.956), nor sleep pattern (p=0.529), but this varied by day (p=0.001). Tear film homeostasis, the ocular adnexia and safety measures were not affected by treatment (p>0.05). Conclusion:The Aurai water propelled Eye Massager may relieve symptoms of dry eye and its severity, but there were no detectable effects on tear stability from two weeks use.

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The Efficacy of Warm Compresses in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Demodex Folliculorum Blepharitis

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Therapeutic Instruments Targeting Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Therapeutic Instruments Targeting Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Age differences in ocular demodicosis: Demodex profiles and clinical manifestations

Efficacy of a novel water propelled, heating eye mask massager on tear film and ocular adnexa

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