Age differences in ocular demodicosis: Demodex profiles and clinical manifestations

Li, Jing; Luo, Xiaohui; Liao, Yinglin; Liang, Lingyi

doi:10.21037/atm-20-7715

Cited by 5 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous studies reported that D. brevis was often found in young patients and significantly correlated with corneal involvement [ 28 , 34 ]; however, this was not consistent with our results. This may be because D. folliculorum and D. brevis were not distinguished from each other, and patients with keratitis were excluded from our research.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…This may be because the young patients were in the early stages of Demodex infestation, with it lasting only a short duration, and the number of mites was small. Previous studies reported that D. brevis was often found in young patients and significantly correlated with corneal involvement [28,34]; however, this was not consistent with our results. This may be because D. folliculorum and D. brevis were not distinguished from each other, and patients with keratitis were excluded from our research.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Our data were consistent with that of Wesolowska et al who found that the number of Demodex mites increased with age [ 27 ]. However, Li et al showed that Demodex counts were comparable in young and elderly patients, while young patients had higher D. brevis counts and elderly patients had higher D. folliculorum counts [ 28 ]. It is possible that the differences in research subjects and age classification criteria among these studies may be the reason for their different results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study on young adults (18–40 years) with and without MGD showed that Demodex had a remarkable impact on meibum composition, with significant changes observed in the levels of (O-acyl)-ω-hydroxy fatty acids in patients with Demodex infestation [ 7 ]. Furthermore, meibum secretion was more active in young individuals [ 28 ], so the changes in lipid composition may be more complicated in these patients. Therefore, Demodex infestation had an obvious impact on the meibum quality of the young patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its pathogenesis is unclear and requires further investigation. Further studies are also needed to investigate the role of D. brevis infestation in MGD [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

et al. 2022

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Background This study aimed to explore the associations between Demodex infestation and the ocular surface characteristics of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in different age groups, to further understand the effect of Demodex on MGD. Methods A total of 202 consecutive MGD patients aged 18 to 70 years were randomly recruited. All patients were divided into two groups based on their age: young patients (18–40 years) and elderly patients (41–70 years). The main observations were the different relationship between Demodex infestation and ocular surface and meibomian gland (MG) parameters in two age groups. We also compared ocular surface and MG parameters between the young and the elderly groups. Demodex infestation was diagnosed based on expert consensus in China. Results Our results indicated significant differences among young Demodex-positive, suspicious-positive, and negative patients in MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.000), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), and meibum quality (P = 0.000). In elderly patients, there were significant differences among the Demodex-positive, suspicious-positive, and negative groups in terms of ocular surface disease index (OSDI) (P = 0.037), fluorescein tear film break-up time (FBUT) (P = 0.002), corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) (P = 0.036), MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.008), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), and MG expression (P = 0.037). The mean number of mites in elderly Demodex-positive patients (10.64 ± 7.50) was greater than that of in young patients (7.60 ± 4.71) (P = 0.014). MG dropout (P = 0.000), plugging of MG orifices (P = 0.006), lid margin abnormality (P = 0.000), MG expression(P = 0.001), and meibum quality (P = 0.032) were more severe in elderly Demodex-positive patients. Additionally, FBUT (P = 0.005) was lower and tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) (P = 0.001) was higher in the elderly. Conclusion The effect of Demodex infestation on the ocular surface and MG parameters of MGD was different in patients of different ages. It is necessary to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of Demodex infestation in MGD.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, its pathogenesis is unclear and requires further investigation. Further studies are also needed to investigate the role of D. brevis infestation in MGD [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

et al. 2022

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Demodex folliculorum (Trombidiformes: Demodecidae) infestation in medical students with facial dermatoses and healthy groups

Edalatkhah,

Izadi,

Nazari

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Demodex folliculorum (Simon, 1842) has been associated with various dermatological conditions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Demodex infestation in medical students with facial dermatoses compared with healthy medical students serving as controls. A total of 250 participants were enrolled, including 150 individuals with facial dermatoses and 100 healthy controls. Sampling was performed based on the standardized skin surface biopsy method. Demographic characteristics, specifically gender and age, were not statistically different between the patient and control groups. Among the facial dermatosis patients, 25 out of 150 (16.6%) were found to have Demodex infestation, while only three out of the 100 healthy controls (3%) exhibited infestations. The only identified species was D. folliculorum. The rates of Demodex infestation were significantly higher in the patients compared to the control groups. These findings indicate a higher prevalence of Demodex infestation among medical students with facial dermatosis, particularly in those diagnosed with folliculitis, acne vulgaris, and inflammatory papule, when compared to healthy controls. A better understanding of the relationship between D. folliculorum infestation and these dermatological conditions may lead to improved diagnostic and treatment strategies in the future.

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The impact of Demodex blepharitis on patient symptoms and daily life

Barnett,

Simmons,

Vollmer

et al. 2024

Optom Vis Sci

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SIGNIFICANCE Patients with Demodex blepharitis have a considerable symptomatic burden that negatively impacts their daily activities and well-being. Despite chronic manifestations of and problems associated with blepharitis that resulted in multiple visits to eye care providers, Demodex blepharitis remained underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Demodex blepharitis on patients' daily activities and well-being. METHODS This prospective, multicenter, observational study recruited 524 patients with Demodex blepharitis from 20 U.S. ophthalmology and optometry practices. Demodex blepharitis was diagnosed based on the presence of the following clinical manifestations in at least one eye: >10 collarettes on the upper lashes, at least mild lid margin erythema of the upper eyelid, and mite density of ≥1.0 mite/lash (upper and lower combined). Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire related to their symptoms, daily activities, and management approaches. RESULTS The proportion of patients who experienced blepharitis symptoms for ≥2 years was 67.8%, and for ≥4 years, it was 46.5%. The three most bothersome symptoms ranked were “itchy eyes,” “dry eyes,” and “foreign body sensation.” Overall, 77.4% of patients reported that Demodex blepharitis negatively affected their daily life. One-third (32.3%) of patients had visited a doctor for blepharitis at least two times, including 19.6% who visited at least four times. Despite having clinical manifestations of Demodex blepharitis confirmed by an eye care provider, 58.7% had never been diagnosed with blepharitis. Commonly used management approaches were artificial tears, warm compresses, and lid wipes. Among those who discontinued their regimen, 45.9% had discontinued because of either tolerability issues or lack of effectiveness. Among contact lens wearers, 64.3% of the patients either were uncomfortable wearing contact lenses or experienced vision changes “sometimes” or “frequently.” CONCLUSION Demodex blepharitis results in a significant negative impact on daily activities, creating a psychosocial and symptomatic burden on patients.

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Age differences in ocular demodicosis: Demodex profiles and clinical manifestations

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

The correlation between Demodex infestation and meibomian gland dysfunction at different ages

Demodex folliculorum (Trombidiformes: Demodecidae) infestation in medical students with facial dermatoses and healthy groups

The impact of Demodex blepharitis on patient symptoms and daily life

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