The efficacy of selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors in the treatment of genital endometriosis

Abstract

External genital endometriosis is characterized by the processes of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, impaired apoptosis, local inflammation of the tissues, secretion of estradiol, and cell proliferation. In a similar manner, prostaglandin E2 affects tissues. The safest drugs that overwhelm COX-2 activity and inhibit the expression of prostaglandin E2 are selective COX-2 inhibitors. As a mediator of inflammation, prostaglandin E2 is involved in all inflammatory processes. It induces the expression of local P450 aromatase and the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. E2 also possesses immunosuppressive-mediated activity and inhibits the synthesis of cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-12, IL-1β-mediated expression of chemokines, the proliferation of T- and B-cells and reduces the cytotoxic activity of NK cells, creating a background of the immunosuppressive characteristic of endometriosis [1–3].
 This study included 100 patients of reproductive age (aged 22-35 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of external genital endometriosis of degree II–IV. Fifty patients received 100 mg of celecoxib in monotherapy and in combination with 2 mg of dienoguest. The control group included 50 people receiving monotherapy with 2 mg of dienogest. The effectiveness of therapy was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and on the basis of the dynamics of algodismenorrhea, pain during coitus, clinical examination, and the patient’s subjective assessment of the degree of irritability and severity of depressive syndrome. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated according to MRI and ultrasound of the pelvic organs throughout the study. To control for possible complications of the therapy, the patients performed a comprehensive dynamic survey assessing the indicators of general blood analysis and the blood coagulation system. In the group with the combined application of celecoxib and dienoguest, a clinically significant reduction in pain syndrome and a decrease in the degree of irritability and depressive syndrome were noted relative to the control group. No side effects of celecoxib on the body systems were identified throughout the study. Thus, celecoxib can be recommended as a safe and effective combination therapy for endometriosis.

Expression of ID2 and Cyclooxygenase 2 Genes in Endometrial Tissues and Their Clinical Significance in the Pathogenesis of Endometrial Polyps

“…Endometrial polyps can cause chronic inflammatory changes in the internal environment of pelvic inflammatory disease, resulting in irregular menstruation or postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Its occurrence and development can lead to a variety of adverse clinical outcomes [8] . Noninvasive investigations ID2 is a member of the differentiation /DNA binding inhibitor family.…”

Differential Effect of Cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 in Late Reproductive Age Women

“…Inflammatory markers play role in pathogenesis diseases such as tumors and immune system defection, it was produced in large quantities from macrophage in the acute inflammation depending on the immune system and secretion of Cox 1 and 2. Therefore Cyclooxygenases play important role for controlling excretion of cytokines from macrophage to the epithelial receptors in the tissue [18] Endometrial immunity suppression is caused by acute infections, apoptosis and generation of vessels frequently while reduced levels of IFN, TNF-α, IL-12 and IL-1 was occurred by Cox2 inhibitors [19] . Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is elevated in the peritoneal fluid in women with endometriosis; many studies were demonstrating the association between cyclooxygenases and TGF-β [20] .…”