“…Physical wastewater treatment is another method that consists of adsorption (Alam et al , 2022; Kamath et al , 2021; Mahmoodi et al , 2010a, 2010b, 2010c), coagulation, flocculation, ion exchange and membrane filtration [nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis] (Hosseini et al , 2018; Wen et al , 2022) all of which are controlled by mass transfer mechanism and these methods need an excess process for removing accumulated dye from physical treatment (Adel et al , 2021; Hayati and Mahmoodi, 2012; Márquez et al , 2022; Nasr and Ali, 2022; Shelke et al , 2022). Among these methods, chemical processes (Oveisi et al , 2019) that consist of the process such as advanced oxidation process, Fenton, electrochemical degradation, ozonation and photocatalysis have an important effect on the pollutant treatment from wastewater (Ahmaruzzaman and Mishra, 2021; Bian et al , 2022; Mahmoud et al , 2022). Photocatalysis is the method that is accomplished by the energy of light.…”