materials have been studied to remove the deadly heavy metals from wastewaters, which is one of the promising sustainable mitigation methods 6) . Chromium ions and other heavy metals were removed using a variety of methods, such as adsorption 7,8) , membrane filtering 9) , advanced oxidation 10) , and precipitation 11,12) . Due to its low cost and economy, adsorption is a suitable method for reducing the level of Cr ions. Its effectiveness is dependent on the number of sites that can be combined with adsorbate ions 13) . Nanocomposites produced by the photolysis technique 14−22) are viable options for the adsorption of certain heavy metals from water 23−25) due to their higher specific area and porosity. Heavy metal reduction or removal from water can be accomplished using chitosan-based nanoparticles as an effective catalyst (adsorbate) 26,27) . Chitosan nanosheets have recently been suggested for use in several wastewater treatment processes 28) . Additionally, chitosan s matrix was doped with or mixed with inorganic nanoparticles like TiO 2 and ferrite. For instance, TiO 2 was integrated into CS nanosheets to absorb heavy ions from wastewater.
During this decade, there is a growing interest of the conducting polymers owing to their exceptional and outstanding electrical properties which makes them potentially applicable in a wide range such as electrochromic displays electronic devices, modified electrodes, chemical and bio-sensors. Here we aimed to examine the reported polyaniline doping (PANI) with graphene oxide (GO) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) by insitu polymerization. The molecular structure of PANI and its composites was characterized using FTIR, X-ray diffraction and their morphologies described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Previous results showed that the strength of composite peaks was higher than pure PANI due to charge transfer between PANI and graphic allotropes, and the aniline molecules have been physically adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of GO and CNT due to the interaction of p – p * electron. PANI describes a multi-diameter external layer of composites depending on the PANI degree of deposition, where the core GO and CNT participate. The conductivity calculation explained that 0.1 wt % of PANI with CO matrix has conductivity 17 folds higher than that without GO.
Magnetic g-Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanocomposite was prepared using Stöber method and functionalized firstly by isopropenyloxytrimethylsilane as a coupling agent to enter active acetylacetone on the surface of nanoparticles, and after that by the synthesized azo dye ligand, 2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline. In such a way, g-Fe2O3@SiO2-azo dye hybrid nanocomposite was formed. The structure of the synthesized azo dye was evidenced by physical and chemical analysis using melting point, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), CHNS elemental analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (HNMR) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The magnetic properties, structure, element composition and morphology characterization of prepared materials (g-Fe2O3, g-Fe2O3@SiO2, and g-Fe2O3@SiO2-azo dye) were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and field electron scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray-mapping techniques. The electrochemical performance of synthesized g-Fe2O3, g-Fe2O3@SiO2, and g-Fe2O3@SiO2-2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline) electrodes were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was shown that the finally prepared g-Fe2O3@SiO2-2-(2-benzothiazolyl azo)-4-methoxyaniline) hybrid nanocomposite electrode possesses good storage charge capability of 580 F g-1 at 1 A g-1.
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