The efficacy of foot patrol in violent places

Novak, Kenneth J.; Fox, Andrew M.; Carr, Christine M.; Spade, David A.

doi:10.1007/s11292-016-9271-1

Cited by 32 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Police agencies can view specific crime problems through their own crime risk kaleidoscope to better understand and diagnose local crime vulnerabilities with appropriately customized interventions. This may include deploying common police tactics that have been found to be effective in addressing high crime places, such as directed patrol (Koper, Taylor, & Woods, 2013;Rosenfeld, Deckard, & Blackburn, 2014;Sherman & Weisburd, 1995) or foot patrol (Novak, Fox, Carr, & Spade, 2016;Piza & O'Hara, 2014;Ratcliffe, Taniguchi, & Wood, 2011), but with an even more refined focus on the risk factors that are present. For example, while on patrol, officers may direct their attention towards specific risk factors, whether that includes reporting unsecured vacant properties to other municipal agencies, approaching people at public transportation stops to educate them of recent crime problems and good ways to stay safe, or increasing their visibility and presence around bars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crime kaleidoscope: A cross-jurisdictional analysis of place features and crime in three urban environments

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research identifies various place features (e.g., bars, schools, public transportation stops) that generate or attract crime. What is less clear is how the spatial influence of these place features compares across relatively similar environments, even for the same crime. In this study, risk terrain modeling (RTM), a geospatial crime forecasting and diagnostic tool, is utilized to identify place features that increase the risk of robbery and their particular spatial influence in Chicago, Illinois; Newark, New Jersey; and Kansas City, Missouri. The results show that the risk factors for robbery are similar between environments, but not necessarily identical. Further, some factors were riskier for robbery and affected their surrounding landscape in different ways that others. Consistent with crime pattern theory, the results suggest that the broader organization of the environmental backcloth affects how constituent place features relate to and influence crime. Implications are discussed with regard to research and practice.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crime kaleidoscope: A cross-jurisdictional analysis of place features and crime in three urban environments

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results are promising for HSP policy. While there is rigorous evidence demonstrating foot patrol can be used to address crime hot spots when implemented in relatively high dosages (Novak et al, 2016;Piza & O'Hara, 2014;Ratcliffe et al, 2011), this study provides evidence that foot patrol can link to lower crime levels while consuming fewer patrol resources. In practice, few police departments likely have the personnel to dedicate to HSP full time as currently structured, but the present study suggests those agencies may still be able to design and implement effective HSP programs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

The Dayton Foot Patrol Program: An Evaluation of Hot Spots Foot Patrols in a Central Business District

Haberman

Stiver²

2018

Police Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study evaluated the Dayton Foot Patrol Program (DFPP). The DFPP spanned 28 weeks. During the DFPP, patrol officers were asked to conduct foot patrol in six hot spots located in the downtown business district for at least 2 hours a day but used their discretion to determine when, which hot spot, how long, and in which ways to patrol. On average, roughly 9 hours of foot patrol were conducted each day during the DFPP. Pre-post comparison statistics and pooled time series count regression models were estimated. The DFPP was linked to reductions in total crime in initial analyses, but only disorder crime incidents were statistically significantly reduced once the outcome was disaggregated into crime-specific outcomes. A diffusion of crime control benefits to nearby areas was also observed. The study's implications are that foot patrol can be implemented with fewer personnel resources and still produce crime reductions in downtown business districts.

show abstract

“…Rather than deploying officers randomly or widely on foot or motorized vehicles, these recent policing strategies concentrated their efforts on specific places responsible for a large proportion of crime (see Braga et al 2018). Deterrence at micro-places, or "hot spots," is now well-established in the criminological literature (Braga & Bond 2008;Novak et al 2016;Sherman et al 1989). Much of this is the result of successful researcher-practitioner co-production, allowing for more robust experimental evaluations of place-based policing strategies.…”

Section: Assessments Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the Summer All Out Foot Patrol Initiative in New York City: a difference-in-differences approach

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

" (SAO) initiative was a 90day, presence-based foot patrol program in a subset of the city's patrol jurisdictions. Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of SAO initiative in reducing crime and gun violence using a difference-indifferences (DiD) approach. Results: Results indicate the SAO initiative was only associated with significant reductions in specific property offenses, not violent crime rates. Foot patrols did not have a strong, isolating impact on violent street crime in 2014 or 2015. Deployments on foot across expansive geographies also has a weak, negligible influence on open-air shootings. Conclusions: The findings suggest saturating jurisdictions with high-visibility foot patrols has little influence on street-level offending, with no anticipatory or persistent effects. Police departments should exercise caution in deploying foot patrols over large patrol jurisdictions.

show abstract

The efficacy of foot patrol in violent places

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

The crime kaleidoscope: A cross-jurisdictional analysis of place features and crime in three urban environments

The crime kaleidoscope: A cross-jurisdictional analysis of place features and crime in three urban environments

The Dayton Foot Patrol Program: An Evaluation of Hot Spots Foot Patrols in a Central Business District

The effects of the Summer All Out Foot Patrol Initiative in New York City: a difference-in-differences approach

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About