The Efficacy of Body Mass Index and Total Body Fat Percent in Diagnosis Obesity according to Menopausal Status

Abstract

Objectives Body mass index (BMI) is commonly used in epidemiological study or clinical center. However, it is not exactly correlated with body fat composition and does not reflect sex, age, or race. The aim of this article is to evaluate the validity of BMI standards relative to total body fat (TBF) and to estimate new BMI criteria that correspond to TBF for obesity, especially for Asian postmenopausal women. Methods A total 3,936 patients were included in this cross-sectional study, including 1,565 premenopausal and 2,371 postmenopausal women. At the time of visit, demographic data were collected. We demonstrated the validity of BMI cut-point of 25 kg/m 2 by using area under the curve (AUC), and presented the empirical optimal BMI cut-point by using Youden's index and overall accuracy in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Results BMI-defined obesity (≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) represents high AUC values (> 0.9) for each TBF. In premenopausal women, TBF ≥ 38% and corresponding BMI value was 29.45 kg/m 2 indicated the highest both Youden's index and overall accuracy. In comparison, postmenopausal women who were TBF ≥ 38% showed the highest Youden's index and overall accuracy, and corresponding BMI value was 26.45 kg/m 2 . Conclusions We proposed new BMI criteria for obesity by using TBF reference. With application of bioelectrical impedance analysis, the diagnosis of obesity using BMI criteria may differ between premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

The Effect of Elderly Gymnastics on Menopausal Women on Decreased Body Fat

“…During and after menopause, a decrease in estrogen causes an increase in total body fat (TBF) on a but now more so in central portion [6]. There are postmenopausal women estrogen deficiency contributes to obesity because estrogen plays a role in fat storage and distribution of fat [11]. During the menopause transition, women tend to gain weight [7].…”

“…People over the age of 65 increase in proportion as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality due to metabolic risk factors [20]. Aging is associated with an increase in central and intra-abdominal fat and a decrease in the lower body of subcutaneous fat [7], [11]. Changes in body composition related to this age may occur independent of changes in total adiposity, weight or waist circumference [11].…”

“…Aging is associated with an increase in central and intra-abdominal fat and a decrease in the lower body of subcutaneous fat [7], [11]. Changes in body composition related to this age may occur independent of changes in total adiposity, weight or waist circumference [11]. Excess visceral fat in the stomach is known as central obesity, which causes the stomach to protrude.…”

Estimation of Apelin Levels in Iraqi Patients with Type II Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

“…Apelin may be used as a DPN marker 13 . Interestingly, Apelin has been studied in other diseases; previous studies investigated the effect of Apelin-36 and Apelin -13 as a predictor of heart disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) and found a high level of Apelin-36 in obese PCOs patients 14,15 . In most studies, the focus is on the effect of high blood sugar on the nerves.…”

Menopausia y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres chilenas

“…La menopausia provoca una modificación en la composición corporal, con pérdida de masa magra y aumento de masa grasa, junto con cambios hormonales, que incluyen la reducción drástica de hormonas ováricas [7][8][9][10] . Además, se produce una redistribución de la grasa corporal caracterizada por una reducción de la grasa subcutánea e incremento de la grasa visceral intraabdominal 11 .…”