The Effects of Working Memory Resource Availability on Prospective Memory

Smith, Rebekah E.; Bayen, Ute J.

doi:10.1027/1618-3169.52.4.243

Cited by 111 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…With regard to our second aim, the significance of verbal working memory highlighted in our regression model is in accordance with previous work that has demonstrated a link between working memory span and higher PM performance (e.g., Brewer et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2003;Smith & Bayen, 2005;West & Craik, 2001;Einstein et al, 2000). Meilinger, Knauff and Bülthoff (2008) reported a study where participants learned specific routes through a virtual city while either performing a verbal, visual or spatial concurrent task.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Trawley

Law

Logie

2011

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Most laboratory-based prospective memory (PM) paradigms pose problems that are very different from those encountered in the real world. Several PM studies have reported conflicting results when comparing laboratory- with naturalistic-based studies (e.g., Bailey, Henry, Rendell, Phillips, & Kliegel, 2010). One key contrast is that for the former, how and when the PM cue is encountered typically is determined by the experimenter, whereas in the latter case, cue availability is determined by participant actions. However, participant-driven access to the cue has not been examined in laboratory studies focused on healthy young adults, and its relationship with planned intentions is poorly understood. Here we report a study of PM performance in a controlled, laboratory setting, but with participant-driven actions leading to the availability of the PM cue. This uses a novel PM methodology based upon analysis of participant movements as they attempted a series of errands in a large virtual building on the computer screen. A PM failure was identified as a situation in which a participant entered and exited the “cue” area outside an errand related room without performing the required errand whilst still successfully remembering that errand post test. Additional individual difference measures assessed retrospective and working memory capacity, planning ability and PM. Multiple regression analysis showed that the independent measures of verbal working memory span, planning ability, and PM were significant predictors of PM failure. Correlational analyses with measures of planning suggest that sticking with an original plan (good or bad) is related to better overall PM performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Trawley

Law

Logie

2011

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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“…State anxiety as measured with the STAI was negatively correlated with the prospective component P and with PM performance. This result was as predicted because the prospective component P is related to working-memory capacity (Arnold et al, in press;Smith & Bayen, 2005;Smith et al, 2011), and state anxiety has been found to impair working memory (Darke, 1988). However, neither trait anxiety as measured with the STAI nor the anxiety subscale of the HADS-D showed a relationship with PM performance or the prospective component P. This is problematic for the working-memory explanation, because trait anxiety has been found to impair working memory, too.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In fact, studies in which the prospective component was measured separately have shown that this component was positively related to workingmemory span (Arnold, Bayen, & Smith, in press;Smith & Bayen, 2005;Smith, Persyn, & Butler, 2011). Hence, if the PM task requires high levels of self-initiated processing (as is expected on working-memory-demanding nonfocal tasks), we should find a negative relationship between the prospective component and depression.…”

Section: Depression and The Prospective Component Of Pmmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Smith and Bayen (2004) developed an MPT model that disentangles the retrospective and prospective components of PM. It has been applied frequently (e.g., Pavawalla, Schmitter-Edgecombe, & Smith, 2012;Schnitzspahn, Horn, Bayen, & Kliegel, 2012;Smith & Bayen, 2005, 2006Smith, Bayen, & Martin, 2010;Smith et al, 2011) and validated thoroughly (Horn, Bayen, Smith, & Boywitt, 2011;Smith & Bayen, 2004).…”

Section: The Multinomial Processing Tree Model Of Event-based Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is prospective memory related to depression and anxiety? A hierarchical MPT modelling approach

Arnold

Bayen

Böhm

2014

Memory

Self Cite

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“…Neuroimaging studies strongly implicate the rostral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann Area [BA] 10) in PM as well fronto-parietal networks including the inferior parietal lobe (BA 40), precuneus (BA 7), and anterior cingulate (BA 32), regions activated in a wide range of tasks engaging attention, executive functions and working memory (Burgess 2011). Thus PM likely draws on attentional, executive and working memory resources; indeed, previous studies have found a positive relationship between working memory span and PM performance (Smith and Bayen 2005;Smith et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

2013

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Rationale: It is well-established that nicotine improves, and deprivation impairs, cognitive performance and mood in smokers. Prospective memory (PM), remembering to execute a delayed intention at a given time point, is under-explored in smokers. Whilst a handful of studies have shown improved PM with nicotine, effects of nicotine delivered via the electronic cigarette have not been investigated.Objective: This study explores whether, by comparison with placebo, nicotine delivered via the e-cigarette can improve PM, tobacco withdrawal symptoms and desire to smoke in abstinent smokers.Methods: Twenty smokers, abstinent for 8-10 hours, each completed two experimental sessions under nicotine (18mg) and placebo (0mg) e-cigarette conditions. Participants completed a single-item desire to smoke scale and the Mood and Physical Symptoms Scale (MPSS). PM was measured using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT).Results: Compared with placebo, the nicotine e-cigarette reduced desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms, and improved time-based but not event-based PM. There was a moderate, marginally significant negative correlation between PM performance during abstinence and nicotine dependence.Conclusions: This is the first study to show that nicotine derived via e-cigarette can improve PM in abstinent smokers suggesting efficient nicotine delivery. That the effect of nicotine was restricted to time-based rather than event-based PM is consistent with the view that nicotine acts to improve performance on strategic (effortful) rather than automatic processing. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that the e-cigarette can replace some of the effects of nicotine derived from tobacco smoking thus highlighting its potential for smoking cessation.

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The Effects of Working Memory Resource Availability on Prospective Memory

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Event-Based Prospective Remembering in a Virtual World

Is prospective memory related to depression and anxiety? A hierarchical MPT modelling approach

Nicotine derived from the electronic cigarette improves time-based prospective memory in abstinent smokers

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