The effects of water stress on croplands in the Aral Sea basin

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are affordable and reliable green technologies for the treatment of various types of wastewater. Compared to conventional treatment systems, CWs offer an environmentally friendly approach, are low cost, have fewer operational and maintenance requirements, and have a high potential for being applied in developing countries, particularly in small rural communities. However, the sustainable management and successful application of these systems remain a challenge. Therefore, after briefly providing basic information on wetlands and summarizing the classification and use of current CWs, this study aims to provide and inspire sustainable solutions for the performance and application of CWs by giving a comprehensive review of CWs’ application and the recent development of their sustainable design, operation, and optimization for wastewater treatment. To accomplish this objective, thee design and management parameters of CWs, including macrophyte species, media types, water level, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and hydraulic loading rate (HLR), are discussed. Besides these, future research on improving the stability and sustainability of CWs are highlighted. This article provides a tool for researchers and decision-makers for using CWs to treat wastewater in a particular area. This paper presents an aid for informed analysis, decision-making, and communication. The review indicates that major advances in the design, operation, and optimization of CWs have greatly increased contaminant removal efficiencies, and the sustainable application of this treatment system has also been improved.

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“…(Iridaceae) as well as Carex spp. (Sedge) [ 2 , 32 , 182 , 183 , 190 , 191 ]). Phragmites australis including Typha spp.…”

Section: Design and Operation Of Constructed Wetlandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water stress is now a reality in many parts of the world [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. This phenomenon is destined to worsen considering that the consumption of water is expected to increase significantly in the coming years and with now more evident climate change accentuating this phenomenon [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant

Rahman

Halmi

Samad

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…The first term refers to situations where the quantity of available water is not sufficient for agricultural, industrial, or domestic uses. It takes into account several physical aspects related to water resources, such as water quality, environmental flows, and water accessibility [2][3][4]. On the other hand, the second term refers to the volumetric abundance of water supply [5][6][7], which is the ratio of human water consumption to available water supply for a specific area [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Adsorption Using Magnetic Nanoparticles for Water Purification: A Critical Review

et al. 2021

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Research on contamination of groundwater and drinking water is of major importance. Due to the rapid and significant progress in the last decade in nanotechnology and its potential applications to water purification, such as adsorption of heavy metal ion from contaminated water, a wide number of articles have been published. An evaluating frame of the main findings of recent research on heavy metal removal using magnetic nanoparticles, with emphasis on water quality and method applicability, is presented. A large number of articles have been studied with a focus on the synthesis and characterization procedures for bare and modified magnetic nanoparticles as well as on their adsorption capacity and the corresponding desorption process of the methods are presented. The present review analysis shows that the experimental procedures demonstrate high adsorption capacity for pollutants from aquatic solutions. Moreover, reuse of the employed nanoparticles up to five times leads to an efficiency up to 90%. We must mention also that in some rare occasions, nanoparticles have been reused up to 22 times.

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“…The extreme demand for potable water for different human activities has resulted in an increase in the wastewater discharge to the receiving watercourses, which adversely affects the aquatic environment (Fitton et al, 2019;Yaseen et al, 2019;Jiang et al, 2020; Al-Nabhan and Al-Abbawy, 2021). This problem crucially affects the developing countries that suffer from both water shortage issues (Yousif et al, 2022) and deficit in wastewater purification (Oliveira et al, 2021), which consequently discharge the untreated or poorly treated effluents to the natural water resources.…”

Section: Introduction Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Wastewater Reclamation Using Constructed Wetlands by Artificial Plastic Biofilm Carriers

Zaboon¹,

Al-Abbawy²,

Yaseen³

2022

J. Ecol. Eng.

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Increasing the demand for potable water, followed by the high quantity of discharged effluents linked with the water scarcity problems has necessitated giving more attention to improving wastewater treatment processes and operations. The constructed wetland has proven to be an excellent green sustainable technique for purification. This study aimed to examine the performance of four experimental free water surface constructed wetlands (FWSCWs) for the depuration of sewage effluents as a secondary treatment stage during winter season conditions. The objectives were to assess the raw and treated wastewater concentrations, evaluate the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nutrients, and total suspended solids (TSS) of each treatment line, and compare the impact of plastic rings (biofilm carriers) and Lemna minor L. with the presence of gravel bed on the treatment efficiency and bacterial growth, as well as assess the plant's adaption and growth. The results showed that all treatment systems improved the water characteristics, and adding biofilm carriers enhanced the efficiency of water purification, especially BOD reduction. The combination of the plants, biofilm carriers, and gravel in the wetland filter significantly enhanced (ρ < 0.05) the treatment efficiency in terms of TSS, COD, BOD, Ammonia (NH 3 ), Nitrates (NO 3 ), and Orthophosphate (PO 4 ) compared to the control treatment system (gravel bed). Plant growth was restricted in the presence of carriers in the system. Further study for examining the system performance under summer conditions, which may improve the nutrient reduction rates by biofilm carriers, is underway.

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The effects of water stress on croplands in the Aral Sea basin

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant

Design, Operation and Optimization of Constructed Wetland for Removal of Pollutant

Heavy Metal Adsorption Using Magnetic Nanoparticles for Water Purification: A Critical Review

Improving Wastewater Reclamation Using Constructed Wetlands by Artificial Plastic Biofilm Carriers

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