Heavy Metal Adsorption Using Magnetic Nanoparticles for Water Purification: A Critical Review

Abstract

Research on contamination of groundwater and drinking water is of major importance. Due to the rapid and significant progress in the last decade in nanotechnology and its potential applications to water purification, such as adsorption of heavy metal ion from contaminated water, a wide number of articles have been published. An evaluating frame of the main findings of recent research on heavy metal removal using magnetic nanoparticles, with emphasis on water quality and method applicability, is presented. A large number of articles have been studied with a focus on the synthesis and characterization procedures for bare and modified magnetic nanoparticles as well as on their adsorption capacity and the corresponding desorption process of the methods are presented. The present review analysis shows that the experimental procedures demonstrate high adsorption capacity for pollutants from aquatic solutions. Moreover, reuse of the employed nanoparticles up to five times leads to an efficiency up to 90%. We must mention also that in some rare occasions, nanoparticles have been reused up to 22 times.

Optimization of the Preparation of Activated Carbon from Prickly Pear Seed Cake for the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution

“…These results are also confirmed by oth previous work [61]. The variation in adsorption capacity in this pH range is mainly du to the influence of pH on the surface adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent [38]. An increase in removal efficiency was observed with increasing pH values.…”

“…Prickly pear seed cake is produced in large quantities as a by-product of the prickly pear seed oil extraction industry. Consequently, preparing activated carbons with prickly pear seed cake is an interesting approach to valorize this raw material [37,38]. The preparation of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomasses can be divided into two different methods: chemical and physical activation.…”

Development of Adsorptive Materials for Selective Removal of Toxic Metals in Wastewater: A Review

“…Nanotechnology presents an extraordinary platform for synthesizing adsorbents with better capacity for uptaking pollutants and toxicity mitigation in wastewater [67][68][69]. This technology encompasses atomic material modification between 1 to 100 nanometers in size.…”

Sulfur-modulated metal–organic framework MIL-101(Fe) with CQDs anchored as an efficient light-driven photocatalyst: photocatalytic performance and mechanism investigation

“…In the past few decades, the rapid urbanization and industrialization have significantly benefitted production and quality of human life, but simultaneously the widespread environmental pollution caused by the large amount of discharged contaminated wastewater from various industrial processes, such as the textile industry, printing and dyeing industry, electroplating, and petroleum refining, threaten the ecosystem and development of a sustainable society. [1][2][3] Especially, untreated wastewater containing dyes and heavy metal ions significantly affects human health and the habitat animals. 4,5 Therefore, many techniques have been developed for the treatment of wastewater such as physical or chemical adsorption, 6 membrane separation technology, 7 biotechnology, 8 and chemical precipitation flocculation.…”