The Effects of Vitamin D on Immune System and Inflammatory Diseases

Ao, Tomoka; Kikuta, Junichi; Ishii, Masaru

doi:10.3390/biom11111624

Cited by 175 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Moreover, levels of Vitamin D are low in diseases that course with hyperinsulinemia such as COVID-19 and in the pathologies that comprise the MS [67,68]. Vitamin D exerts its effects by binding to a nuclear Vitamin D receptor, which is expressed in various immune cells, with particularly high levels in dendritic cells, macrophages, T and B lymphocytes that are increased when the innate immune response is elicited [69].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia and Loss of Redox Homeostasis in COVID-19 Patients

Soto

Guarner-Lans

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2022

Cells

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The infection with SARS-CoV-2 impairs the glucose–insulin axis and this contributes to oxidative (OS) and nitrosative (NSS) stress. Here, we evaluated changes in glucose metabolism that could promote the loss of redox homeostasis in COVID-19 patients. This was comparative cohort and analytical study that compared COVID-19 patients and healthy subjects. The study population consisted of 61 COVID-19 patients with and without comorbidities and 25 healthy subjects (HS). In all subjects the plasma glucose, insulin, 8-isoprostane, Vitamin D, H2S and 3-nitrotyrosine were determined by ELISA. The nitrites (NO2−), lipid-peroxidation (LPO), total-antioxidant-capacity (TAC), thiols, glutathione (GSH) and selenium (Se) were determined by spectrophotometry. The glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR (p < 0.001), 8-isoprostanes, 3-nitrotyrosine (p < 0.001) and LPO were increased (p = 0.02) while Vitamin D (p = 0.01), H2S, thiols, TAC, GSH and Se (p < 0.001) decreased in COVID-19 patients in comparison to HS. The SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in alterations in the glucose–insulin axis that led to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and IR in patients with and without comorbidities. These alterations increase OS and NSS reflected in increases or decreases in some oxidative markers in plasma with major impact or fatal consequences in patients that course with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, subjects without comorbidities could have long-term alterations in the redox homeostasis after infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperglycemia and Loss of Redox Homeostasis in COVID-19 Patients

Soto

Guarner-Lans

Díaz-Díaz

et al. 2022

Cells

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“…The enzymes are required to convert the inactive form of vitamin D to the active form of vitamin D where magnesium acts as a cofactor ( 7 , 11 ) ( Figure 2 ). Studies have found the association of vitamin D in improving immune functions ( 22 , 23 ), cell proliferation and organ regeneration ( 24 ), and reducing cardiovascular disease burden ( 25 ), as well as the widely accepted role of vitamin D in vascular, oral and bone health along with calcium metabolism ( 26 – 30 ). These health benefits of vitamin D will not be achieved even with adequate vitamin D levels if magnesium is deficient, thus emphasizing the essential role of maintaining optimal magnesium levels to attain desirable benefits of vitamin D. Magnesium deficiency is associated with cardiovascular diseases ( 31 ), hypertension ( 32 ), osteoporosis ( 33 , 34 ), and diabetes ( 35 ).…”

Section: Role Of Magnesium In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Eskander

2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 is an important modulator of the immune system, as reflected by the expression of VDR by almost all types of immune cells [ 271 , 272 , 273 ]. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 is an enhancer of innate immune reactions against infections and tumor cells by activating the responsive cells (macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, and neutrophils).…”

Section: Mechanisms Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms

2022

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This is a narrative review of the evidence supporting vitamin D’s anticancer actions. The first section reviews the findings from ecological studies of cancer with respect to indices of solar radiation, which found a reduced risk of incidence and mortality for approximately 23 types of cancer. Meta-analyses of observational studies reported the inverse correlations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the incidence of 12 types of cancer. Case-control studies with a 25(OH)D concentration measured near the time of cancer diagnosis are stronger than nested case-control and cohort studies as long follow-up times reduce the correlations due to changes in 25(OH)D with time. There is no evidence that undiagnosed cancer reduces 25(OH)D concentrations unless the cancer is at a very advanced stage. Meta-analyses of cancer incidence with respect to dietary intake have had limited success due to the low amount of vitamin D in most diets. An analysis of 25(OH)D-cancer incidence rates suggests that achieving 80 ng/mL vs. 10 ng/mL would reduce cancer incidence rates by 70 ± 10%. Clinical trials have provided limited support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis due to poor design and execution. In recent decades, many experimental studies in cultured cells and animal models have described a wide range of anticancer effects of vitamin D compounds. This paper will review studies showing the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and invasion together with the sensitization to proapoptotic agents. Moreover, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and other vitamin D receptor agonists modulate the biology of several types of stromal cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial and immune cells in a way that interferes the apparition of metastases. In sum, the available mechanistic data support the global protective action of vitamin D against several important types of cancer.

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The Effects of Vitamin D on Immune System and Inflammatory Diseases

Cited by 175 publications

References 62 publications

Hyperglycemia and Loss of Redox Homeostasis in COVID-19 Patients

Hyperglycemia and Loss of Redox Homeostasis in COVID-19 Patients

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

Vitamin D and Cancer: An Historical Overview of the Epidemiology and Mechanisms

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