The effects of vitamin A, pentoxyfylline and methylprednisolone on experimentally induced amyloid arthropathy in brown layer chicks

Chicken amyloid arthropathy: serum amyloid A, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide profile in acute phase (12th hour)

“…Group II received a commercial diet containing high levels of vitamin A (75.000 IU/kg) ad libitum throughout the study to enhance the severity of amyloidosis (Sevimli et al 2004(Sevimli et al , 2005(Sevimli et al , 2008 while groups I, III and IV were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet containing normal levels of vitamin A (5000 IU/kg). Group IV was injected intramuscularly with 10 mg/kg methylprednisolone on the day of CFA injection (Sevimli et al 2005). All injection were started by 8 A.M. and completed by 9 A.M. Chicks were fed a starter diet during first 4 weeks which contains 211 g/kg crude protein and 2950 kcal/kg metabolisable energy while a grower diet containing 190 g/kg crude protein and 2850 kcal/kg metabolisable energy has used during 5 th week (Afyon Yem A.S., Afyon, Turkey).…”

“…The groups were arranged as follows: group I (Negative Control), group II (Severe Amyloid-Vitamin A), group III (Moderate Amyloid-Positive Control) and group IV (Mild Amyloid-Treatment). To induce amyloid arthropathy in the experimental groups II, III and IV, the birds were injected with 0.25 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the left inter-tarsal joint at the fifth week of the experiment as described previously (Landman et al 1998, Sevimli et al 2005, while group I was injected intra-articularly with the same amount of 0.9% NaCl and was kept as negative control. Group II received a commercial diet containing high levels of vitamin A (75.000 IU/kg) ad libitum throughout the study to enhance the severity of amyloidosis (Sevimli et al 2004(Sevimli et al , 2005(Sevimli et al , 2008 while groups I, III and IV were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet containing normal levels of vitamin A (5000 IU/kg).…”

“…An ELISA kit (TP-802M; Tridelta, Maynooth Co., Kildare, Ireland) was used to detect SAA according to the manufacturer's instructions as was described previously (Sevimli et al 2005, Alasonyalylar et al 2006, Sevimli et al 2012. In this study, a murine kit and its standards were used as there was no kit for chicken SAA available at the period this study.…”

“…Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a sensitive marker of the acute phase response (Steel and Whitehead 1994). Although well documented in several mammalian species (Gruys and Hol 1984;Alsemgeest et al 1994Alsemgeest et al , 1995bKoetz et al 1998), little is known about SAA in chickens (Landman et al 1996, Chamanza et al 1999, Sevimli et al 2004, 2005, 2008. Amyloid A which is a precursor protein of SAA, is upregulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, notably the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (Ramadori et al 1985, Ganapathi et al 1991, Betts et al 1993, Hagihara et al 2004.…”

“…Therefore, anti-inflammatory agents such as colchicine and dimethylsulfoxide are used for amyloid treatment in humans (Kisilevsky et al 1995, Soto et al 1996 and mice (Inoue et al 1996). However, there is too few studies about treatment of avian amyloidosis (Sevimli et al 2005, Sevimli et al 2008.…”