The Effects of Two Exercise Modalities on Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight Women with Type 2 Diabetes: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background: The present study aims at investigating the effects of different exercise modalities (sprint interval training (SIT) and aerobic plus resistance training (A+R)) on novel cardiovascular risk factors (lipid accumulation product (LAP), Framingham risk score (FRS), the metabolic syndrome severity scores (Mets score), visceral adipose index (VAI), body adipose index (BAI), triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-WC), triglyceride glucose-waist circumference (TyG-BMI), HOMA β-cell, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR)) in overweight women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: Fifty-two overweight females with type 2 diabetes (T2D) (aged 45-60 years, BMI > 30, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥ 6.5%) were assigned to either SIT (n = 17), A+R training (n = 17), or control groups (n = 18). Intervention consisted of SIT or A+R training for 10 weeks.Results: There were no significant changes in Mets in the SIT group after 10 weeks (p = 0.187). In addition, there were significant changes (improvements) in LAP (p < 0.001) and VAI (p = 0.002), FRS (p = 0.001), TyG index (p = 0.005), TyG-BMI (p = 0.012), TyG-WC (p < 0.001), AIP (p < 0.001), and eGDR (p = 0.001) in A+R training group after 10 weeks, as compared to the baseline.Conclusions: The results illustrated that exercise training modality independent of the mode of exercise training could be an effective intervention to improve some novel cardiovascular risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes.