The Effects of Trichoderma viride T23 on Rhizosphere Soil Microbial Communities and the Metabolomics of Muskmelon under Continuous Cropping

Abstract

The continuous cropping can restrict the large scale and intensive cultivation of muskmelon, and the use of Trichoderma preparation to alleviate the negative effects is an effective mean. Although the impact on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and metabolites after applying Trichoderma are still unclear. In this study, we applied the fermentation broth of Trichoderma viride T23 to muskmelon under continuous cropping, collected rhizosphere soil samples at 60 days after transplantation, and investigated the changes in the microbial communities and metabolites of muskmelon by using high−throughput sequencing and metabolomic analysis, respectively. The results showed that T. viride T23 could effectively reduce the disease index of muskmelon wilt (65.86 to 18) and significantly increase the soil pH value (6.06 to 6.40). Trichoderma viride T23 induced drastic shifts in the richness, structure, and composition of rhizosphere microbial communities, and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla. Bioactive substances such as scopoletin, erythronic acid, and palmitic acid were significantly upregulated in the rhizosphere soil, which enhanced soil activity. Overall, T. viride T23 resolves the continuous cropping limitation in muskmelon by improving soil physicochemical properties, elevating the biomass and diversity of soil microbial communities, and stimulating the production of soil active substances.

Trichoderma application methods differentially affect the tomato growth, rhizomicrobiome, and rhizosphere soil suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum

“…Some microbiome studies provide evidence of Trichoderma -driven competitive displacement and significant soil microbial community shifts, whereas others do not. T. viride T23 induced significant shifts in the richness, structure, and composition of the rhizosphere fungal and bacterial communities of muskmelon ( Zhang et al, 2023 ). T. koningiopsis application similarly shifted both communities in the Pinus massoniana rhizosphere ( Yu and Luo, 2020 ).…”

Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Influence Microbial Community Composition and Metabolic Function to Enhance the Efficiency of Hybrid pennisetum Remediation in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil

“…Non-targeted metabolome analysis was conducted using an Agilent 7890B Infinity gas chromatograph (Agilent Co., Santa Clara, CA, USA) coupled with an Agilent 5977A GC-MS. The measurement conditions followed those described by Zhang et al [19]. Principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to observe the clustering patterns of metabolites in all samples and the repeatability of samples within the group.…”