Highlights d Lysine b-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) modifies non-histone proteins in liver and kidney d Starvation, ketogenic diet, and pharmacologically induced diabetes evoke Kbhb d LC-MS/MS identifies 891 Kbhb-modified peptides enriched for metabolic pathways d Kbhb inhibits the rate-limiting methionine cycle enzyme AHCY
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