The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral Vascular System

Wright, Irving S.; Moffat, Dean

doi:10.1001/jama.1934.02750310012004

Cited by 64 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Maddock and Coller (1933) stated that their subjects were given their customary form of tobacco to smoke at their normal rates, but occasionally a subject noted mild vertigo and nausea on smoking. Wright and Moffat's (1934) subjects, who were experienced smokers, also were urged to smoke at their normal rate, though they state that it is probable that" there was an increase in both the rate and the depth of inhalation during the experiment. In some of their subjects severe symptoms developed during smoking, including "nausea with vomiting, marked vertigo, cold sweats, pallor, and even profound syncope."…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cigarette-smoking on Blood Flow Through the Hand

Shepherd¹

1951

BMJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cigarette-smoking on Blood Flow Through the Hand

Shepherd¹

1951

BMJ

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“…Three possibilities exist: (1) smoking directly affects the platelet; (2) smoking accelerates blood coagulation and platelets are secondarily involved; and (3) smoking may change physical properties of the arterial wall and its endothelium and that the platelets and coagulation changes are secondary.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heavy cigarette smoking may, therefore, favor atherogenesis by at least four mechanisms, namely (1) tobacco hypersensitivity with the arterial wall as a target (shock) organ, (2) by altering the clotting-fibrinolytic balance by shortening platelet survival, (3) by elevation of the free fatty acids, and (4) by lowering the lateral wall pressure as¬ sociated with increased velocity of blood flow. That some heavy cigarette smokers may live to a ripe old age has been grasped by many of us, who enjoy the psychological benefits of tobacco, to de-fend our continued indulgence in the habit.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking and Peripheral Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease

Lord¹

1965

JAMA

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“…However none of our pipe or cigar smokers inhaled or breathed deeply. Many previous observers, including Roth ,6 Maddock and Coller,15 Wright and Moffatt, 16 and WeatherbyI7 have shown that sham smoking produced negligible changes in skin temperatures, pulse rates, and blood pressures. More recent studies by FreundI8 were confirmatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Acute Effect of Chewing Tobacco and Smoking in Habitual Users*

Simon

Iglauer

1960

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The circulatory effects of tobacco were studied in 14 young male cigarette smokers without cardiovascular disease,' 24 habitual users of chewing tobacco,l and 25 cigar and pipe smokers3 following the use of these various forms of tobacco. The same methods of study were used in all observations of smokers and chewers.Studies were carried out in the basal postabsorptive state on each subject on three separate days. On one day low-nicotine tobacco was smoked in a constant temperature room, and on another day regular tobacco was smoked. On a third day the effect of high-nicotine tobacco on the ballistocardiogram was determined; the order of studies was variable. Skin temperatures were measured in a constant temperature room at 78" F. (25.6' C.) and 40 per cent relative humidity from copper-constantan thermocouples attached to the forehead and the volar surfaces of the fingers and toes, employing a Brown constant-recording potentiometer. Changes of 0.5" C. were considered significant. Blood pressures and pulses were obtained by the usual clinical method. The ballistocardiograms were recorded with a high-frequency table-type research instrum e~~t .~The subjects were supine and unclothed and rested for at least 45 min. prior to smoking or chewing. The period of smoking or chewing was 20 min.The young cigarette smokers were 14 convalescent male patients, without cardiovascular disease, from the surgical service of the Cincinnati General Hospital and three normal male volunteers, all of whom were habitual smokers. Their ages ranged between 16 and 41 (average age-27.2).Each subject, smoked two low-nicotine cigarettes through a silica filter on the first day and one or two ordinary cigarettes, with no filter, on the second and third day.The tobacco chewers were 24 male volunteers who chewed tobacco habitually; their ages ranged between 34 and 71 years (average age-51.1).Each subject chewed, on alternate days, a full mouthful of low-nicotine chewing tobacco (0.31 to 0.47 per cent nicotine) and a regular commercial brand (1.53 per cent nicotine). Chewing gum was used in several subjects as a placebo. The average amount of tobacco chewed weighed 10 gm.The cigar and pipe smokers were 25 habitual male smokers; their ages ranged between 21 and 69 years. Eight subjects were studied while sham-smoking unlighted pipes or cigars under identical conditions. The commercial cigars were a well-known brand containing 1.82 per cent nicotine (moisture-free basis). The low-nicotine cigars were a commercially available brand containing 0.88 per cent nicotine. The pipe tobacco used was a commercial brand containing 2.15 per cent nicotine (moisture-free basis). Pipe tobacco containing 0.72 per cent nicotine was used for the low-nicotine studies.

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The Effects of Tobacco on the Peripheral Vascular System

Cited by 64 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Cigarette-smoking on Blood Flow Through the Hand

Effect of Cigarette-smoking on Blood Flow Through the Hand

Cigarette Smoking and Peripheral Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease

The Acute Effect of Chewing Tobacco and Smoking in Habitual Users*

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