The effects of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and aqueous extract of caraway (Carum carvi L.) in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of thylakoid-rich spinach extract and the caraway aqueous extract in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome rats. Methods: Sixty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of 12 animals each. Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was administered orally for a period of 28 days to induce PCOS. Sham and PCOS control rats received 1 mL/day of distilled water, and the three groups of PCOS rats were given 150 mg/kg of metformin, 3 g/kg of caraway, and thylakoid at a dose of 6 mg chlorophyll/gr food intake/day by oral gavage for 8 weeks. Finally, blood samples were collected and the right ovary of rats was removed, weighed, and fixed in 4% buffered formalin to determine the biochemical and stereological parameters. Results: Compared to the PCOS control group, consuming metformin, thylakoid, and caraway extracts significantly improved the fasting blood sugar (FBS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), luteinizing hormone (LH), insulin resistance, and body weight, increased the volume of the corpus luteum, and reduced the number of atretic follicles after 8 weeks (< 0.05). Although caraway treatment caused a significant increase in the HDL-C (High-density lipoprotein cholesterol) level (P < 0.001), no significant change was observed in terms of HDL-C in the thylakoid and metformin groups compared to the PCOS control group. Conclusion: Our data showed that the consumption of thylakoid and caraway extracts for 8 weeks may have beneficial effects on the biochemical and stereological factors in PCOS-induced rats.

Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

“…PCOS has been demonstrated to induce histo-architectural changes in the ovary [ 57 ] and uterus [ 58 ] of rats. In agreement with previous studies on PCOS animal models, fewer numbers of corpus luteum and multiple follicular ovarian cysts were observed in the PC group [ 59 , 60 ]. Reduction in ovarian weight, uterine length and weight, endometrium thickness, and numbers of the endometrial gland are consistent with decreasing levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and antioxidants activities.…”

Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

“…Therefore, histomorphometric analysis of the ovary and uterine tissues are required to con rm these results PCOS has been demonstrated can induce histo-architectural changes in the ovary [56] and uterus [57] of rats. In agreement with previous studies on PCOS animal models, fewer numbers of corpus luteum and multiple follicular ovarian cysts were observed in the PC group [58,59]. Reduction in ovarian weight, uterine length and weight, endometrium thickness, and numbers of the endometrial gland are consistent with decreasing levels of testosterone, FSH, LH, and antioxidants activities.…”

Therapeutic effects of aqueous extract of bioactive active component of Ageratum conyzoides on the ovarian-uterine and hypophysis-gonadal axis in rat with polycystic ovary syndrome: Histomorphometric evaluation and biochemical assessment

“…In both women with PCOS and controls, an increase in body weight is linked to an increase in androgen levels [ 72 ]. In the etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS, a complicated connection occurs between obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, androgen level, and LH level [ 73 ]. Elevated body weight and the presence of estrous cycle anomalies in rats following oral administration of EV injection imply the development of PCOS in rats due to increased androgen and LH hormone levels in our study.…”