The effects of thermal environment on heat balance and insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants

Bell, Millicent; Gray, Brian; Weinstein, Michelle; Oh, Mihyang

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(80)80697-4

Cited by 60 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…From measure ments of oxygen consumption, Okken et al [18] found a total heat loss of 43.2 kcal/kg 24 h in infants born after 31 weeks, at a mean postnatal age of 13 days, while Bell et al [ 19] found a value of 43.4 kcal/kg 24 h (gesta tional age 32-35 weeks, postnatal age 11-14 days). In the present study the corresponding group of infants (gestational age 31-36 weeks, postnatal age 8-14 days) had a total heat loss of 42 kcal/kg 24 h. In infants with a gestational age of 28-29 weeks Bell et al [19] found a total heat loss of 36.2 kcal/kg 24 h (postnatal age 11-14 days), as compared with a corresponding value of 40 kcal/kg 24 h in our study. The results of Ryser and Jequier [20; gradient layer calorimetry] for newborn fullterm infants differ very little from our values for fullterm infants, even though the heat loss from the airway is not included in the present results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Loss from the Skin of Preterm and Fullterm Newborn Infants during the First Weeks after Birth

Hammarlund

Strömberg

Sedin³

1986

Neonatology

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In 68 infants appropriate for gestational age, born after 25–41 weeks of gestation, the evaporation rate from the skin and ambient, skin and body temperatures were measured repeatedly during the first 4 weeks after birth, and the heat exchange due to evaporation, radiation and convection was calculated. All measurements were made at an ambient humidity of 50%, with the infants calm and quiet. High evaporative heat losses were found in preterm infants on their first days of life, with gradually decreasing values with increasing gestational and postnatal age. It was only during the 1st week of life in infants born at 25–27 weeks of gestation that evaporative heat loss was higher than radiative heat loss. The high evaporative heat losses in very preterm infants were balanced by low losses or even a gain through radiation and convection, because of the high ambient temperature needed to maintain a stable body temperature. Total heat loss increased with increasing gestational and postnatal age.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Loss from the Skin of Preterm and Fullterm Newborn Infants during the First Weeks after Birth

Hammarlund

Strömberg

Sedin³

1986

Neonatology

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“…Indirect calorimetry was performed in a warming bed, where conductive heat was provided using a heated gel mattress (Babytherm 8000; Draeger Medical AG, Lübeck, Germany). Warming bed temperature was adjusted to achieve peripheral skin temperature (at the sole of the right foot) between 34.5 and 35.8°C [10,11]. All infants were treated in the same type of bed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resting Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Parameters in Small for Gestational Age Moderately Preterm Infants

2011

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Aims: The purpose of the present study was to analyze resting energy expenditure (REE), hormonal parameters and lipid profile in small for gestational age (SGA) moderately preterm infants compared to their appropriate for gestational age (AGA) counterparts in the first week after birth. Methods: REE was measured in all participants using indirect calorimetry. Blood samples of all infants were collected at the same study point together with indirect calorimetry measurements. Results: A total of 32 infants including 16 preterm infants born SGA and 16 AGA preterm neonates were recruited for the study, with a mean gestational age of 35 ± 1 weeks in both groups. REE values in the SGA group were significantly increased compared to the AGA group data after birth (p < 0.002). Low-density lipoprotein levels from the AGA group were significantly higher (p = 0.002) when compared to the SGA infants. No other clinical differences in hormonal parameters, lipid profile or blood pressure levels were identified between the two groups. Conclusions: In addition to low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation is associated with a statistically significant increase in REE in SGA moderately premature infants shortly after birth, which requires further investigation when establishing nutritional recommendations in this cohort.

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“…Indirect calorimetry was performed in neonates with a body weight ,1500 g in an air temperature-controlled incubator (Hill Room Air Shields; Heinen & Löwenstein, Bad Ems, Germany). Incubator temperature was adjusted to maintain the rectal temperature between 36.6 and 37.5°C and the peripheral skin temperature (at the sole of the right foot) between 34.5 and 35.8°C (18,19). Depending on the postnatal age of the infant, incubator humidity ranged from 80% in the first week to 65% thereafter.…”

Section: Monitoring and Behavioral Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

Bauer¹,

Werner²,

Gerß³

2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Longitudinal data on resting energy expenditure (REE) in extremely immature infants and full-term neonates are scarce but are necessary to understand the energy requirements in neonatal nutrition during the first weeks of life. Objective: The aim of the present study was to measure REE and its main components longitudinally during the first weeks of life to quantify their significant determinants. Design: REE was investigated longitudinally over a period of 6 wk in healthy, stable, and growing preterm infants and over 5 wk in full-term neonates by means of indirect calorimetry. Results: A total of 197 infants, including 183 premature infants and 14 full-term neonates, were recruited for the study. REE values increased in all gestational age groups from the first week to 5-6 wk of postnatal age, with the most pronounced increase in the smallest infants (+140%) and the smallest increase in the fullterm neonates (+47%). Univariate calculations showed that for each postnatal week, REE increased by 6.93-9.64 kcal Á kg 21 Á d 21 with each additional kcal administered, for an average increase of 0.701 kcal, and increased by 1.78 kcal for each 1 g gain in weight. Postnatal age was the strongest predictor to influence REE (r 2 = 0.727, P , 0.0001). Conclusions:This study provides comprehensive data on longitudinally determined REE values of healthy premature and fullterm infants. Results may serve as a basis for comparative studies that address various disease states as well as different nutritional protocols.Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:1517-24.

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The effects of thermal environment on heat balance and insensible water loss in low-birth-weight infants

Cited by 60 publications

References 25 publications

Heat Loss from the Skin of Preterm and Fullterm Newborn Infants during the First Weeks after Birth

Heat Loss from the Skin of Preterm and Fullterm Newborn Infants during the First Weeks after Birth

Resting Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Parameters in Small for Gestational Age Moderately Preterm Infants

Metabolic rate analysis of healthy preterm and full-term infants during the first weeks of life

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