The effects of the transplacental and mammary movement of PCBs of infant rhesus monkeys

Allen, James; Barsotti, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(76)90037-8

Cited by 137 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are substrates for CYP1A1 and exposure to these molecules correlates with low birth weights in humans and in other species (Khera et al, 1972;Allen and Barsotti, 1976;Shum et al, 1979;Wong et al, 1985). An implication is that placental metabolism regulates nutrient delivery to the fetus.…”

Section: Evidence For Placental Control Of Permeability and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling drug delivery across the placenta

Audus

1999

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

105

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Abstract:A challenge in modern drug therapy is to develop strategies for safer and more selective targeting of drug delivery in pregnancy. Specifically, approaches are needed that would restrict unnecessary drug exposure to either mother or fetus. There is evidence emerging that indicates the placenta does express natural transport and metabolism processes that function to control drug and nutrient distribution between the mother and fetus. Further, in vitro techniques developed in the past ten years now provide some of the tools necessary to elucidate transport and metabolism processes typical of the human placenta. As a consequence, pharmaceutical scientists are in a position to contribute significantly to the design and development of drugs for pregnancy. Controlling drug delivery across the placenta: A commentary. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 8, 161-165. PMID: 10379038. Publisher's official version: http://dx

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Section: Evidence For Placental Control Of Permeability and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling drug delivery across the placenta

Audus

1999

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

105

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“…It is well known that fetuses and neonates are exposed to exogenous endocrine disrupters through the placenta and mother's milk (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In addition to these direct transfers of toxic substances from mothers, endogenous sex steroids accumulated to excess in mothers due to enzymatic deficiency can also disrupt differentiation of reproductive organs in offspring.…”

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confidence: 99%

The masculinization of the fetus during pregnancy due to inhalation of diesel exhaust.

Watanabe¹,

Kurita²

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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This study was conducted to determine the impact of diesel exhaust inhalation on the fetus. Seventy-two pregnant rats and 18 nonpregnant rats were divided into three groups: a group exposed to total diesel engine exhaust containing 5.63 mg/m(3) particulate matter, 4.10 ppm nitrogen dioxide, and 8.10 ppm nitrogen oxide; a group exposed to filtered exhaust without particulate matter; and a group exposed to clean air. The exposure period was from day 7 until day 20 of pregnancy. In addition, 15 pregnant rats were treated with aromatase inhibitors or testosterone to clarify the process by which diesel exhaust exerts its toxicity. The anogenital distance was significantly longer in male and female fetuses from both exhaust-exposed groups than in those of the control. Differentiation of the testis, ovary, and thymus was delayed and disturbed. Maternal testosterone and progesterone levels, which increased due to pregnancy whether or not the rats were exposed, were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the pregnant rats exposed to total exhaust and filtered exhaust. The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level and urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (OHCS) did not differ among the pregnant groups. These results indicate that elevated testosterone did not result from elevated maternal adrenal function. The feto-placental-ovarian unit and inhibition of aromatase activity and synthesis caused by diesel exhaust inhalation might have played an essential role in the accumulation of testosterone. Since both exhaust-exposed groups showed almost the same reactions toward the inhalation, the gaseous phase must have included the relevant toxicants.

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“…Additional groups of females exposed to 2.5 ppm produced a number of sets of offspring: concurrent with exposure or in which exposure in the mothers ceased 1.0, 1.5, or 3.0 years prior to breeding. Concurrent exposure to 2.5 ppm resulted in reduced birth weight (58) and deficits in discrimination reversal learning (59). These monkeys were hyperactive when young (59) and hypoactive at Environmental Health Perspectives -Vol 104, Supplement 2 * April 1996 44 months of age (60).…”

Section: Characterization Of Effects Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%