The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

Liu, Yongbo; Li, Junsheng; Stewart, C. Neal; Luo, Zunlan; Xiao, Nengwen

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.073

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Li and Liu 13 found that the richness and diversity of nematode were not significantly altered by Bt cotton. Similar results were reported on herbivory nematode 14 , earthworm and protozoa 15 . Besides, a few studies pointed out that Bt crops did not significantly change soil microbial biomass 16 or soil enzymatic activities 17–19 .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice (Kefeng-6) on soil microbial functioning and C cycling

Zhaolei

Jun

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Understanding how soil ecosystem responds to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) rice is necessary for environmental risk assessment. While the influences of short-term cultivation of Bt rice on soil properties have been reported previously, little is known about the long-term effects of Bt rice on soil ecosystems. In this study, soil samples were taken from a long-term rice cultivation site in Fujian Province, China, where transgenic Bt rice (Kefeng-6) and its non-Bt parent breed (Minghui-86) had been continuously cultivated for 8 years. Soil Bt protein concentration and a total of 16 variables were analyzed to assess potential risks of soil health under Bt rice cultivation. The results revealed that soil Bt protein is unlikely to accumulate after Bt rice cultivated in the field, and no consistently significant changes were observed in soil enzymatic activities (catalase, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and urease), microbial biomass (microbial carbon and nitrogen), total organic carbon, decomposition (soil respiration, Q 10, and qCO2), soil nitrogen and phosphorus contents. Due to a local tradition that aboveground biomass was removed after harvest, the increased net primary productivity by Bt rice cultivation did not significantly change soil C cycling. Results of this study suggested that on the aspects of soil microbial functioning and C cycling, long-term cultivation of Bt rice is unlikely to result in significant effects on soil health.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice (Kefeng-6) on soil microbial functioning and C cycling

Zhaolei

Jun

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…Indeed, the number of genera detected in this study exceed that recorded in previous GM-related studies that relied solely on morphological identification [42, 58]. Similarly, alternative DNA-based detection techniques (e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

A temporal assessment of nematode community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of cisgenic Phytophthora infestans-resistant potatoes

2016

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BackgroundNematodes play a key role in soil processes with alterations in the nematode community structure having the potential to considerably influence ecosystem functioning. As a result fluctuations in nematode diversity and/or community structure can be gauged as a ‘barometer’ of a soil’s functional biodiversity. However, a deficit exists in regards to baseline knowledge and on the impact of specific GM crops on soil nematode populations and in particular in regard to the impact of GM potatoes on the diversity of nematode populations in the rhizosphere. The goal of this project was to begin to address this knowledge gap in regards to a GM potato line, cisgenically engineered for resistance to Phytophthora infestans (responsible organism of the Irish potato famine causing late blight disease). For this, a 3 year (2013, 2014, 2015) field experimental study was completed, containing two conventional genotypes (cvs. Desiree and Sarpo Mira) and a cisgenic genotype (cv. Desiree + Rpi-vnt1). Each potato genotype was treated with different disease management strategies (weekly chemical applications and corresponding no spray control). Hence affording the opportunity to investigate the temporal impact of potato genotype, disease management strategy (and their interaction) on the potato rhizosphere nematode community.ResultsNematode structure and diversity were measured through established indices, accounts and taxonomy with factors recording a significant effect limited to the climatic conditions across the three seasons of the study and chemical applications associated with the selected disease management strategy. Based on the metrics studied, the cultivation of the cisgenic potato genotype exerted no significant effect (P > 0.05) on nematode community diversity or structure. The disease management treatments led to a reduction of specific trophic groups (e.g. Predacious c–p = 4), which of interest appeared to be counteracted by a potato genotype with vigorous growth phenotype e.g. cv. Sarpo Mira. The fluctuating climates led to disparate conditions, with enrichment conditions (bacterial feeding c–p = 1) dominating during the wet seasons of 2014 and 2015 versus the dry season of 2013 which induced an environmental stress (functional guild c–p = 2) on nematode communities.ConclusionsOverall the functional guild indices in comparison to other indices or absolutes values, delivered the most accurate quantitative measurement with which to determine the occurrence of a specific disturbance relative to the cultivation of the studied cisgenic P. infestans-resistant potatoes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12898-016-0109-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…As GM oilseed production increases abroad, the probability of imported GM oilseed rape escaping in Europe will increase, raising environmental biosafety concerns. Environmental risks posed by GM oilseed rape include the effects of insecticidal Bt proteins expressed into GM crops on non‐target organisms (Manachini et al ., , ; Liu et al ., ), and the effects of the herbicides used in tandem with herbicide‐tolerant GM (GMHT) oilseed rape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential impact of genetically modified Lepidoptera‐resistant Brassica napus in biodiversity hotspots: Sicily as a theoretical model

2018

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The general increase of the cultivation and trade of Bt transgenic plants resistant to Lepidoptera pests raises concerns regarding the conservation of animal and plant biodiversity. Demand for biofuels has increased the cultivation and importation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), including transgenic lines. In environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for its potential future cultivation as well as for food and feed uses, the impact on wild Brassicaeae relatives and on non-target Lepidoptera should be assessed. Here we consider the potential exposure of butterflies as results of possible cultivation or naturalization of spilled seed in Sicily (Italy). Diurnal Lepidoptera, which are pollinators, can be exposed directly to the insecticidal proteins as larvae (mainly of Pieridae) through the host and through the pollen that can deposit on other host plants. Adults can be exposed via pollen and nectar. The flight periods of butterflies were recorded, and they were found to overlap for about 90% of the flowering period of B. napus for the majority of the species. In addition, B. napus has a high potential to hybridise with endemic taxa belonging to the B. oleracea group. This could lead to an exposure of non-target Lepidoptera if introgression of the Bt gene into a wild population happens. A rank of the risk for butterflies and wild relatives of oilseed rape is given. We conclude that, in environmental risk assessments, attention should be paid to plant-insect interaction especially in a biodiversity hotspot such as Sicily.

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The effects of the presence of Bt-transgenic oilseed rape in wild mustard populations on the rhizosphere nematode and microbial communities

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice (Kefeng-6) on soil microbial functioning and C cycling

Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice (Kefeng-6) on soil microbial functioning and C cycling

A temporal assessment of nematode community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of cisgenic Phytophthora infestans-resistant potatoes

Potential impact of genetically modified Lepidoptera‐resistant Brassica napus in biodiversity hotspots: Sicily as a theoretical model

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