The effects of the cross-entropy stopping criterion and quadrature amplitude modulation on iterative turbo decoding performance

Abstract

One of the most often-used stopping criteria is the cross-entropy stopping criterion (CESC). The CESC can stop turbo decoder iterations early by calculating mutual information improvements while maintaining bit error rate (BER) performance. Most research on iterative turbo decoding stopping criteria has utilised low-modulation methods, such as binary phase-shift keying. However, a high-speed network requires high modulation to transfer data at high speeds. Hence, a high modulation technique needs to be integrated into the CESC to match its speed. Therefore, the present paper investigated and analysed the effects of the CESC and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on iterative turbo decoding. Three thresholds were simulated and tested under four situations: different code rates, different QAM formats, different code generators, and different frame sizes. The results revealed that in most situations, the use of CESC is suitable only when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high. This is because the CESC significantly reduces the average iteration number (AIN) while maintaining the BER. The CESC can terminate early at a high SNR and save more than 40% AIN compared with the fixed stopping criterion. Meanwhile, at a low SNR, the CESC fails to terminate early, which results in maximum AIN.

Efficient SOVA decoding and enhanced early termination mechanism based on new attenuation factors

“…In each half of the decoding process and 𝑖 𝑡ℎ iteration, the a-posteriori LLR values of the modified system become: 𝛬 ̂𝑝𝑐 𝑖 = 𝐿𝑟 𝑘,1 + 𝛬 𝑎𝑐 𝑖 + 𝐵 𝑎𝑐 𝑖 𝛬 𝑒𝑐 𝑖 (11) where 𝐵 𝑎𝑐 𝑖 = (1 − 0.7𝐺 𝑐 𝑖 ). Since the value of 𝐺 𝑐 𝑖 is a measure of how strong the correlation between 𝛬 𝑎𝑐 𝑖 and 𝛬 𝑒𝑐 𝑖 , it can be used as an et criterion instead of the well-known et algorithms like the cyclic redundancy check (crc), cross-entropy (CE), sign change ratio (SCR), hard-decision-aided (HAD), and sign difference ratio (SDR) [9], [21]- [24].…”