The effects of task order on children's identification of facial expressions

Can children recognize pride?

“…Adults are able to recognize pride when open-ended response methods are used, but recognition rates are lower than when a forced-response format is used (Tracy & Robins, 2004b). Similarly, both adults and children show decreased recognition of the basic emotion expressions when open-ended response methods are used (Boucher & Carlson, 1980;Harrigan, 1984). However, recognition of pride in everyday social interactions, where contextual cues are available, may be easier than in experiments relying on either open-or closed-ended response methods.…”

The Recognition of Adults' and Children's Facial Expressions of Emotions

“…On the other hand, some data showed that the increase in accuracy of judgment was mostly observed until age five; there appears to be a ceiling effect after that age, which primarily affects three emotions: fear, surprise, and disgust . Bergman ( 1978) and Harrigan ( 1984) have reported some differences between males and females. This latter finding could be related to the higher empathic behavior of girls (Feshback,198 1).…”

“…Studies that were conducted with children between 3 and 10 years of age found that recognition ability increased with age and that by the 10th year, children displayed a very high level of accurate judgments (Harrigan, 1984;Izard, 1971; Kirouac, Dore, & Gosselin, 1985;Odom & Lemmond, 1979;Schlesinger, 1980). Moreover, this age effect on recognition ability was observed in groups of children from different backgrounds; emotionally disturbed or mentally retarded as well as normal children of both sexes (Maitland, 1977;Putnam, 1979;Reichenback & Masters, 1983;Strong, 1978).…”

The development of emotion understanding at the preschool childhood: a psychological perspective

“…Младшие дошкольники чаще идентифицировали счастье, печаль, гнев, чем страх, отвращение и удивле-ние. При решении задачи на распознавание эмоций по фотографиям пока-затели были значительно лучше, чем при решении задачи на вербализацию эмоций, что позволило выдвинуть предположение о меньшей степени сложности для детей распознавания эмоционального состояния по сравне-нию с его словесным обозначением [72].…”