The Effects of System Justifying Beliefs on Skin-Tone Surveillance, Skin-Color Dissatisfaction, and Skin-Bleaching Behavior

Choma, Becky L.; Prusaczyk, Elvira

doi:10.1177/0361684317747845

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 111 publications

(187 reference statements)

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“…S. Thompson & Keith, 2001). Studies conducted over decades and across multiple fields of study have demonstrated that colorism has measurable consequences for Black women in the United States (Choma & Prusaczyk, 2018;Drake & Cayton, 1945;Fischer & Shaw, 1999;Golden, 2004;Haizlip, 1994;Parham, 1989;Thomas, Hacker, & Hoxha, 2011;Townsend, Thomas, Neilands, & Jackson, 2010).…”

Section: Black Women and Colorism In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No [Right] Way to Be a Black Woman”: Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women

Tribble

Allen

Hart

et al. 2019

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Using the theoretical lenses of intersectionality and racial-ethnic socialization, we conducted a focus group study with 29 Black women. We analyzed transcripts via a grounded theory approach for the sources of messages about skin color and hair and for participants’ responses to these messages. Family members were the primary source of messages about skin color and hair. Peers and the media also communicated such messages. Messages ranged from endorsement of Western standards of beauty to an embrace of darker skin colors and natural hair texture. Rather than serving as passive recipients of messages, participants sifted through and reconciled messages with varying degrees of resolution. Their accounts reflected their intersectional experiences as Black women representing a variety of physical attributes. We discuss the influence of these physical attributes on their individual racial-gender identity development in light of a second burgeoning Black hair movement in the United States, that embraces Black natural hair. Findings may help families and others build understanding of, and increase sensitivity toward, the intra- and interpersonal implications of colorism for Black women. Findings may also inform institutional policies (e.g., school, work) and practices to reduce barriers and improve consequences for the Black women navigating these settings.

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Section: Black Women and Colorism In The United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“No [Right] Way to Be a Black Woman”: Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women

Tribble

Allen

Hart

et al. 2019

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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“…System justification theory, as I conceive of it, is highly ‘practical' or ‘relevant' in the Lewinian sense that it is useful for diagnosing and addressing social problems, including many problems that apologists for the status quo would prefer to ignore. These include racism, colorism, sexism, classism, self‐objectification, tolerance of corruption, legitimation of social and economic inequality, hostility towards immigrants, scepticism about climate change, and acceptance of environmentally harmful industrial practices, among many other things (e.g., Brescoll et al ., ; Calogero & Jost, ; Chapleau & Oswald, ; Choma & Prusaczyk, ; Feygina et al ., ; García‐Sánchez et al ., ; Hässler et al ., ; Hennes et al ., ; Intawan & Nicholson, ; Jost, ; Jost & Kay, ; Kay & Jost, ; Napier & Jost, ; Napier et al ., ; Pacilli et al ., ; Shepherd & Kay, ; Tan, Liu, Huang, Zheng, & Liang, ; Vainio, Mäkiniemi, & Paloniemi, ; van der Toorn et al ., , ). Throughout this article I have sought to provide examples of the ways in which system justification theory can be applied to better understand societal phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quarter century of system justification theory: Questions, answers, criticisms, and societal applications

Jost

2018

British J Social Psychol

326

378

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A theory of system justification was proposed 25 years ago by Jost and Banaji (1994, Br. J. Soc. Psychol., 33, 1) in the British Journal of Social Psychology to explain 'the participation by disadvantaged individuals and groups in negative stereotypes of themselves' and the phenomenon of outgroup favouritism. The scope of the theory was subsequently expanded to account for a much wider range of outcomes, including appraisals of fairness, justice, legitimacy, deservingness, and entitlement; spontaneous and deliberate social judgements about individuals, groups, and events; and full-fledged political and religious ideologies. According to system justification theory, people are motivated (to varying degrees, depending upon situational and dispositional factors) to defend, bolster, and justify aspects of existing social, economic, and political systems. Engaging in system justification serves the palliative function of increasing satisfaction with the status quo and addresses underlying epistemic, existential, and relational needs to reduce uncertainty, threat, and social discord. This article summarizes the major tenets of system justification theory, reviews some of the empirical evidence supporting it, answers new (and old) questions and criticisms, and highlights areas of societal relevance and directions for future research.Keep you doped with religion and sex and TV, And you think you're so clever and classless and free. . .. (John Lennon, 'Working Class Hero')Learning to love the questions A theory of system justification was proposed by Jost and Banaji (1994) in a special issue of the British Journal of Social Psychology (BJSP) devoted to the structure and functions of social stereotyping. In that article, which is now 'celebrating' its 25th anniversary, we conjectured that in addition to ego-justifying and group-justifying tendencies to defend and rationalize the interests and esteem of the self and the ingroup, respectively, people exhibit system-justifying tendencies to defend and rationalize existing social, economic, and political arrangementssometimes even at the expense of individual and collective self-interest. Specifically, we felt that existing theories in social psychology did not

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“…Individuals internalize these cultural standards, and the beliefs become central to their understandings of what constitutes attractiveness and beauty. Although not all groups of women and men internalize the same messages (e.g., Brady et al, 2017; Choma & Prusaczyk, 2018), when internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness does occur, it may result in weight concern and body dissatisfaction (Buote, Wilson, Strahan, Gazzola, & Papps, 2011), both of which have been established as contributing risk factors for disordered eating behaviors such as restrictive eating, binge eating, and excessive dieting (Keel & Forney, 2013; Stice, 2002). Both correlational and experimental research have linked the extent of exposure to the visual media, including television and magazines, with internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in fully sighted women and men (Dittmar & Howard, 2004; Hausenblas et al, 2013; Levine & Murnen, 2009; Smolak, Levine, & Thompson, 2001; Thompson, Van den Berg, Roehrig, Guarda, & Heinberg, 2004).…”

Section: Internalization Of Cultural Standards Of Attractivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 30 years ago, Rodin, Silberstein, and Striegel-Moore (1985) observed such a widespread dissatisfaction with the body among young White, middle class women, they claimed it to be a “normative discontent.” Since their claim, researchers such as Grogan (2017) have reported that concerns with body image are epidemic in Western societies. These body image concerns underpin the etiology of eating disorders (Tiggemann, 2013) and in part have been attributed to the internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness imparted by various socialization agents in women’s lives, such as peers, the family, and, not least, the visual media (Brady et al, 2017; Choma & Prusaczyk, 2018; Stice & Argas, 1998). Objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997) has been useful as a framework for understanding how experiences of sexual objectification explain mental health issues, such as disordered eating behaviors, reported by women.…”

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confidence: 99%

Eating Attitudes of Women Living With a Vision Impairment

Page

Papps

2018

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness and subscription to gender-based discourses are significant predictors of disordered eating attitudes in fully sighted women. Yet, whether these variables predict the disordered eating attitudes of women who are legally blind is underexplored. In the current study, we examined how internalization of White European cultural standards of attractiveness and subscription to gender-based discourses (body surveillance and self-silencing) and body shame predicted the disordered eating attitudes of 80, primarily White, heterosexual, Australian women who are legally blind. Participants completed an online survey comprising existing validated measures of all variables. A path analysis was performed using the Hayes PROCESS approach. As predicted, in women living with vision impairment, body surveillance, self-silencing, and shame fully mediated the relation between internalization of cultural standards of attractiveness and disordered eating attitudes. Results showed that in much the same way as sighted women, women living with vision impairment are susceptible to internalizing harmful messages related to socio-cultural standards of attractiveness. We provide further support for including subscription to gender-based discourses in research on women’s body-image disturbances. Data will be available for other researchers from the author via email. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index

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The Effects of System Justifying Beliefs on Skin-Tone Surveillance, Skin-Color Dissatisfaction, and Skin-Bleaching Behavior

Cited by 28 publications

References 111 publications

“No [Right] Way to Be a Black Woman”: Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women

“No [Right] Way to Be a Black Woman”: Exploring Gendered Racial Socialization Among Black Women

A quarter century of system justification theory: Questions, answers, criticisms, and societal applications

Eating Attitudes of Women Living With a Vision Impairment

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