The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of subcutaneous injection nicotine in osseointegration process on different implant surfaces. Methods: Twenty-two male rabbits were distributed into two groups according to the subcutaneous injections: (1) nicotine 3 mg/day/kg and (2) 0.9 % NaCI 3 mL/day/kg, three times a day; subgroups were then designated-machined and anodized implants were placed in the right and left tibia bones, respectively. The animals were submitted euthanasia after periods of eight weeks to determine nicotine and cotinine levels, alkaline phosphatase and biomechanical analysis. Results: The plasmatic levels of nicotine and cotinine were 0.5 ± 0.28 ng/mL and 9.5 ± 6.51 ng/mL, respectively. The alkaline phosphatase analyses in blood levels in control group were observed 40.8 ± 11.88 UI/L and 40.75 ± 12.46 UI/L, for the surfaces machined and anodized, respectively. In the test group was observed levels 37.9 ± 4.84 UI/L, for both implant surfaces. No significant differences were observed between control and test groups and between the implant surfaces regarding alkaline phosphatase blood levels. For biomechanics, no significant differences were observed in control group between the machined (25±8.46 Ncm) or anodized (31.2 ± 6.76 Ncm) implants. However, the treatment with nicotine induced higher torque than control in both machined (38.3 ± 13.52 Ncm) and anodized (35.5 ± 14.17 Ncm) implants, with p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0121, respectively. Conclusion: Subcutaneous injection of nicotine following implant insertion didn't have effect on osseointegration, independently from the implant surface.

The Effects of Sildenafil and/or Nitroglycerin on Random-pattern Skin Flaps After Nicotine Application in Rats

“…Locally, nicotine causes a significant decrease in flap blood flow and survival via producing vasoconstriction and intravascular thrombosis, in addition to the increase in platelet aggregation and levels of fibrinogen and blood viscosity. Furthermore, nicotine can cause direct endothelial cell damage, impaired cellular protein synthesis, modification of the lipid profile, and disturbed prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis and/or release [36][37][38][39] .…”

Time Course of Immune Response and Immunomodulation During Normal and Delayed Healing of Musculoskeletal Wounds

“…Besides direct impairment of tissue oxygenation and decrease of serum concentrations of growth factors, smoking has damaging effects on bone stability by reducing bone mineralization, collagen synthesis and general healing of tibia fractures and open fractures. Smokers have been shown to have lower bone density compared to nonsmokers, while nicotine itself inhibits alkaline phosphatase and collagen production (145) causing an impact on cancellous bone (146,147). Experimental delivery of nicotine through drinking water in a rabbit model, resulted in a decrease in bone stability and radiological callus formation (148).…”

Osseointegration of implants with superhydrophilic surfaces in rats with high serum levels of nicotine

“…On the other hand, a preclinical study demonstrated that there was no deleterious effect of nicotine on the osseointegration process. However, the administration of this medication began just after implant placement, and this study design limits the applicability of these findings since patients will not suddenly initiate smoking habits after the surgical procedure if they do not have this habit before the intervention 18 .…”