The effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on tracheal wound healing in an experimental rat model

Abstract

OBJECTIVES The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), mostly used for postoperative analgesic purposes for wound healing, is still a matter of debate. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of the most widely used NSAID and corticosteroids after surgical operations on tracheal wound healing in an experimental rat model. METHODS Thirty-nine male Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Tracheotomy was performed in 32 rats; then they were divided into 3 groups. After the first day, the animals in group 1 were treated with an NSAID (diclofenac 10 mg/kg/day) (NSAID, n = 12) for 7 days; the animals in group 2 were treated with a corticosteroid (dexamethasone, 2 × 0.1 mg/kg/day) (steroid, n = 10) for 7 days; the animals in group 3 (control, n = 10) were not given any medications. For a fourth group (histological control, n = 7), in order to evaluate normal morphological and histological characteristics, neither surgery nor medication was used. Five rats were eliminated from the study (2 rats in the NSAID group died and 3 rats in the steroid group developed local wound infections). The drop-out rate was 12.8%. Histological characteristics, inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, neochondrogenesis, neovascularization and epithelization were evaluated in 34 rats. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Inflammation, vascularization and number of fibroblasts and chondrocytes were significantly higher in the control group than in the histological control group. There was some reduction in all parameters except vascularization in the NSAID group (P > 0.05). When the steroid group was compared to the NSAID group, inflammation (P < 0.05), vascularization and number of chondrocytes (P > 0.05) were more suppressed in the steroid group. The number of fibroblasts increased in the steroid group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Steroids and NSAID may have negative effects on tracheal wound healing, probably by suppressing inflammation and fibroblast proliferation. NSAID was mostly used postoperatively for analgesic purposes and should be avoided.

Optimal Extraction Process and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of High Purity Oily Capsicum Oleoresin for Pharmaceutical Applications

“…Currently, drugs used for inflammation treatment can be simply classified as steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Despite the excellent activities, their side effects (gastrointestinal damage, fluid retention, high blood pressure, headaches, and dizziness) are the significant limitations for the broad application [2][3][4]. Meanwhile, plant-derived drugs are immersing as a potential source for new safety drug generation due to their large number of species with valuable therapeutic agents.…”

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