The effects of spontaneous and mechanical ventilation on central cardiovascular function and peripheral perfusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses

Edner, Anna; Nyman, Görel; Essén‐Gustavsson, Birgitta

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2005.00190.x

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lactate values increased during most of the experiment stages, but the changes from step to step were not significant. Some of the values during the first phase of ventilation (21% oxygen) are higher than their baseline values (spontaneous breathing), due mainly to the effective mechanical ventilation (Edner et al, 2005;Gaszyńska et al, 2013). The CPAP ventilation improved perfusion to the skin (up to 111%) as well as both peripheral and central oxygenation levels (up to 111% and 121%, respectively).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral microcirculatory hemodynamics under varying degrees of hypoxia

Ovadia‐Blechman

Meilin

Rabin

et al. 2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral microcirculatory hemodynamics under varying degrees of hypoxia

Ovadia‐Blechman

Meilin

Rabin

et al. 2015

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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“…Die Ventilation des Pferdes während der Anästhesie ist dabei ein zentrales Problem (Edner et al 2005). Die durch künstliche Beatmung verursachten Probleme stehen möglicherweise zumindest teilweise im Zusammenhang mit den für Pferde zur Verfügung stehenden Geräten.…”

Section: Einführungunclassified

Evaluation of tidal volume measurements of the anaesthesia device Tafonius® in vitro and in vivo

Kobler

Hartnack

Sacks

et al. 2016

PHK

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The anaesthesiologic risk is higher in horses than in other domesticated animal species and thereby ventilation is a vital problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the anaesthesia device Tafonius ® tidal volume measurements in vitro as well as in vivo. In an in vitro study the whole system was flushed by air to reduce the air moisture to a minimum. The preparation of the anaesthesia device was exactly the same, as if there was a surgery on a patient. But instead of a horse, a seven liter calibration syringe was connected to the Y-piece of the anaesthesia device and the whole system was flooded by pure oxygen. By touch screen on the monitor of the anaesthesia device, a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), a tidal volume of 20 liters and an airway pressure of 20 cmH 2 O were adjusted. The leakage test was repeated and the connections tightened until the leak was 168 mL gas per minute. All the measurements were made randomly, without breaks or changes of the adjustments. For tidal volume measurements a seven liter calibration syringe was used. A connecting piece was specially manufactured, to attach the syringe to the Tafonius ® without gas leakage.14 different tidal volumes were evaluated in a random order, covering the range from 500 mL to 7000 mL using 500 mL steps. To imitate respiration during anaesthesia, three respiratory rates were simulated: 30, 15 and 6 times per minute. All the measurements were performed in duplicate, once with NICO ® interconnected and once without it. The respiratory rates and tidal volumes were chosen in random order, as well as whether the flow meter was interconnected or not. In a in vivo study twenty-one patients with a mean weight of 516 kilograms submitted for elective surgery were included. All of them received a balanced anaesthesia regime (inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane and constant rate infusion with medetomidine (3.5 mcg/kg/h) and controlled mechanical ventilation. 16 horses were positioned in dorsal and five in lateral recumbency. The flow meter NICO ® was connected ones a steady state in the plane of anaesthesia was reached. The flow meter was left during 38 to 190 breaths. A total of 2368 breaths were measured. Mean tidal volumes reached from 4107 mL to 8964 mL. In vitro data were analysed by descriptive statistics to determine measurement accuracy. Bland-Altman plots with limits of agreement (loa) were used to analyze in vivo data. The mean difference between the volume given by the calibration syringe and the volume shown on the Tafonius ® screen was -19.45 % (standard deviation 11%). The data stored on the computer showed an average difference of -20.5 % (standard deviation 15.57 %). Whether NICO ® was interconnected or not resulted in a change in accuracy of 0.36 % in the volume measurement of the Tafonius ® . The mean difference of the volume produced with the calibration syringe and the measured volume of the NICO ® was 0.73 % (standard deviation 4.3 %). The Bland-Altman analysis from NICO ® to Tafonius ® gave a lower limit of a...

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“…Dobutamine, an inotrope administered in anesthetized horses for cardiovascular support, produces a marked HT increase, which would also be expected after EPH administration, since these drugs act by an alpha-adrenergic activity that may cause splenic contraction 9 MABP was significantly lower in XYL+ACP group compared to XYL group, which was attributed to the alpha-1 antagonism produced by ACP 18 . It led to a significant decrease in end tidal isoflurane and a significant higher volume of ephedrine infused in XYL+ACP group compared to XYL group to treat hypotension, which successfully increased MABP to normal values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

Ambrósio

Ida

Souto

et al. 2012

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Xylazine (XYL) and acepromazine (ACP) are known to decrease the hematocrit (HT) of horses when administered alone. However in routine anesthesia these drugs are administered by associations which ultimate effect in the HT is unknown but may cause false impressions about the hydration status, blood loss and red blood cell indices. The objective of this study was to characterize the values of HT in horses anesthetized with XYL, ACP, ketamine, midazolam, guaiphenesin, isoflurane and ephedrine. Twenty healthy horses were premedicated with either XYL 0.8 mg/kg (XYL group, n=10) or XYL 0.5 mg/kg plus ACP 0.05 mg/kg (XYL+ACP group, n=10). Anesthesia was induced with ketamine, midazolam and guaiphenesin and maintained with isoflurane. Ephedrine was infused for cardiovascular support. HT, vital parameters and blood gas values were evaluated at baseline, between each drug administration, after standing and 24 hours after baseline (24hBL). The HT started to decrease 17 and 40 minutes after premedication in XYL group and XYL+ACP group, respectively (p<0.05). The maximum decrease of 19% in XYL group and 17% in XYL+ACP group was observed after 1 hour of premedication (p<0.05). In both groups HT remained low for longer than 180 minutes and returned to baseline at 24hBL. A significant HT decrease should be considered in anesthetized healthy horses receiving XYL, ACP, ketamine, midazolam, guaiphenesin, isoflurane and ephedrine.Keywords: Horse. Hematocrit. Packed cell volume. Xylazine. Acepromazine. ResumoA administração isolada de xilazina (XIL) e acepromazina (ACP) pode diminuir o hematócrito (HT) de equinos. Na rotina anestésica, estes fármacos são administrados em associações, cujo efeito final no HT não é conhecido, mas pode causar falsas impressões sobre o grau de hidratação, perda sanguínea e índices hematimétricos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar os valores de HT de equinos anestesiados com XYL, ACP, cetamina, midazolam, EGG, isofluorano e efedrina. Vinte equinos hígidos foram pré-tratados com XIL 0,8 mg/kg (grupo XIL, n=10) ou XIL 0,5 mg/kg associada à ACP 0,05 mg/kg (grupo XIL+ACP, n=10). A anestesia foi induzida com cetamina, midazolam e EGG e mantida com isofluorano. A efedrina foi utilizada para suporte cardiovascular. O HT, parâmetros vitais e hemogasometria foram avaliados no momento basal, entre administração de cada fármaco, após retorno à posição quadrupedal e 24 horas após momento basal (24hBL). A diminuição do HT iniciou-se 17 e 40 minutos após administração da medicação pré-anestésica no grupo XIL e grupo XIL+ACP, respectivamente (p<0,05). A queda máxima de 19% no grupo XIL e 17% no grupo XIL+ACP foi observada após 1 hora da administração da medicação pré-anestésica (p<0,05). Em ambos os grupos, o HT permaneceu baixo por mais de 180 minutos e retornou aos valores basais em 24hBL. Deve-se considerar a ocorrência de uma redução significativa do HT em equinos hígidos anestesiados com XYL, ACP, cetamina, midazolam, EGG, isofluorano e efedrina.Palavras-chave: Equino. Hematócrito. Volume Globular. ...

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The effects of spontaneous and mechanical ventilation on central cardiovascular function and peripheral perfusion during isoflurane anaesthesia in horses

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral microcirculatory hemodynamics under varying degrees of hypoxia

Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral microcirculatory hemodynamics under varying degrees of hypoxia

Evaluation of tidal volume measurements of the anaesthesia device Tafonius® in vitro and in vivo

Redução significante dos valores de hematócrito em equinos saudáveis durante anestesia

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