The effects of space and scale on unconditional beta convergence: test results from the United States, 1970–2004

Tourism and regional income inequality: Evidence from China

“…However, it is found that their influence on the convergence results is great, and neglecting spatial effects clouds the causes, speed and nature of the convergence process (Islam, 2003;James & Campbell, 2013;2014). Previous literature shows that when spatial effects are incorporated into the convergence model, they tend to be significant and strongly influence the convergence speed (James & Campbell, 2013;Rey & Montouri, 1999).…”

“…However, it is found that their influence on the convergence results is great, and neglecting spatial effects clouds the causes, speed and nature of the convergence process (Islam, 2003;James & Campbell, 2013;2014). Previous literature shows that when spatial effects are incorporated into the convergence model, they tend to be significant and strongly influence the convergence speed (James & Campbell, 2013;Rey & Montouri, 1999). Most recently James and Campbell (2014) To account for spatial effects in tourism and economic growth, spatial Durbin models (SDM) have been used to capture the spatial interdependence in both dependent and explanatory variables (Yang & Fik, 2014).…”

Toward Sustainable Economic Growth: A Spatial Panel Data Analysis of Regional Income Convergence in US BEA Economic Areas

“…Ertur et al [19], Dall'erba et al [20], and Ramajo et al [6] investigated the role of spatial effects in the analysis of economic convergence processes among NUTS (Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics) level-2 regions in the EU countries. More recently, several empirical studies find increasing polarization in per capita income across regions and explain this effect as primarily the result of the formation of geographical clusters across regions within countries [21][22][23][24][25]. In light of these findings, a clear need exists to develop a spatially explicit analytical model for the analysis of regional economic convergence.…”

Sustained Firm Growth and Regional Income Convergence

“…Of these, beta convergence has been the most widely studied (Drennan and Lobo 1999) and can be further classified as unconditional, where regional incomes converge regardless of economic structure, or conditional, where convergence occurs after taking initial regional economic structure into account. Conditional beta convergence has stronger evidence, although the structural variables that affect convergence remain a point of debate (Galor 1996;James and Campbell 2014).…”

“…Recent computational experiments associated with spatial data analysis have provided better guidance on the geographic scale at which regional factor endowments exert the strongest influence on convergence (James and Campbell 2013) but none incorporate the role of sustained-growth firms. If the opening premise is correct-that healthy regions are made up of healthy firms (or at least an important subset of them)-and the neo-classical proposition of regional income convergence is taking place in the United States, then new light will be shed on the specification of convergence models while taking the first steps toward assessing firm-level performance on the convergence process.…”