The effects of silicon and titanium on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) growth under moisture deficit condition

Abstract

Safflower is one of important crop in semi-arid regions of the world, where the precipitations are limited. In order to investigate the effect of foliar spray of nano-silicon dioxide (10 and 20 mM) and nano titanium dioxide (25 and 50 mM) and water-deficit stress (irrigation after 110 mm evaporation) on growth parameters and yield components of spring safflower a field experiment was carried out at the highland semi-arid region, in, North West of Iran. Water deficit stress significantly reduced morpho-physiological traits such as ground cover, canopy width, leaf fresh mass, leaf are and plant height) as well as yield components (e.g. capitulum diameter, seed mass and seed number per capitulum). However, the plants grown under water deficit condition showed the higher harvest index than well irrigated plants. Comparison of the foliar treatments showed that the both nano-particles (silicon and titanium) improved the plant growth and yield components over the control. However, the effect of nanosilicon was more prominent than titanium. The highest amount of seed oil was recorded under well irrigated condition (irrigation after 60 mm evaporation) with foliar application of nano-titanium. The percentage of palmitic acid, arachidic acid and myristic acid in seed increased by nano-titanium application. Altogether, principal component analysis indicated that spray of 10 mM nano silicon dioxide was best foliar treatments under all moisture regimes.Key words: safflower; agronomic traits; foliar spraying; nanoparticles; principal component analysis; semi-arid region IZVLEČEK UČINKI SILICIJA IN TITANA NA RAST ŽAFRANIKE (Carthamus tinctorius L.) V RAZMERAH POMANKANJA VODEŽafranika je pomembna poljščina v semiaridnih območjih, kjer so padavine omejene. Z namenom ugotavljanja učinkov pršenja listov z nano-silicijevim (10 in 20 mM) in nano titanovim dioksidom (25 in 50 mM) ter stresa zaradi vodnega deficita (namakanje po 110 mm evaporacije) na rastne parametre in komponente pridelka pomladanske žafranike je bil izveden poljski poskus na višinskem semiaridnem območju severno zahodnega Irana. Vodni deficit je značilno zmanjšal morfološko-fiziološke lastnosti (pokritost tal, širino krošnje, svežo maso listov, listno površino in višino rastlin) kot tudi komponente pridelka (premer koška, maso semen in število semen na košek). Kljub temu so imele rastline, ki so rastle v razmerah pomanjkanja vode večji žetveni indeks kot dobro namakane. Primerjava foliarnih obravnavanj je pokazala, da so oboji nano delci (silicijevi in titanovi) izboljšali rast rastlin in komponente pridelka v primerjavi s kontrolo. Učinek silicijevih nano delcev je bil bolj izražen kot titanovih. Največja vsebnost olja v semenih je bila v dobro namakanih rastlinah (namakanje po 60 mm evaporacije) s foliarno dodajanimi nano delci titana. Odstotki palmitinske, arahidonske in miristične kisline v semenih so se povečali po uporabi nano titanovih delcev. Analiza glavnih komponent je pokazala, da je bilo pršenje z 10 mM nano silicijeva dioksida najboljše foliarno...

Genotypic response of barley to exogenous application of nanoparticles under water stress condition

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The Effects of Micronutrients (Fe And Zn) and Beneficial Nano-Scaled Elements (Si And Ti) on Some Morphophysiological Characteristics of Oilseed Rape Hybrids

“…The first factor was foliar treatment included control (check; no traetment), nano-chelated Fe (2,000 ppm), nano-chelated Zn (2,000 ppm), nano-Ti (20 ppm), nano-Si (20 ppm). The concentrations were selected according to the results of previous experiments in the region (Janmohammadi et al 2016;Janmohammadi et al 2017). The consumption rate was 100 cc/m 2 .…”

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Effects of Silicon Levels and Application Methods on Growth and Quality Characteristics of Narcissus tazetta L.

“…Generally, the superior influence of Si treatments on stimulating the vegetative growth parameters may be due to enhancing the uptake and transport of water and minerals in xylem sap, increasing antioxidant activity, the concentration of IAA hormone and improving the function of the photosynthetic apparatus and photo-assimilate translocation (Lu et al, 2002;Le et al, 2014 andJanmohammadi et al, 2017), thus leading to augmentation of plant growth parameters. The increasing of leaf length and leaf area in treating plants with silicon suggest that in addition to benefits of Si in increasing cell turgor by keeping water, Si could be involved in cell wall metabolism improving the ability of the cell wall to expand and consequently enhancing cell enlargement (Romero-Aranda et al, 2006).The increases in numbers of leaves per plant due to silicon may be attributed to its role in improving morphological, anatomical and physiological characteristics of leaves (Sivanesan and Park, 2014) and, it's an important role in improving plant water status and adequate supply of nutrients (Romero-Aranda et al, 2006) and its indirect effects such as increased capacity and efficiency of photosynthesis and transpiration (Korndörfer et al, 2004 andLiang, 2003).…”