The Effects of Self-Disclosure on Male and Female Perceptions of Individuals Who Stutter

Byrd, Courtney T.; McGill, Megann; Gkalitsiou, Zoi; Cappellini, Colleen Heather

doi:10.1044/2016_ajslp-15-0164

Cited by 55 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The finding that females are particularly vulnerable to disability-related discrimination is supported by literature both within and outside the field of speech-language pathology. Byrd, McGill, Gkalitsiou, and Cappellini (2017) proposed that one explanation for harsher perceptions of females who stutter could stem from misconceptions about the cause of stuttering. Nearly half of people who are unfamiliar with stuttering believe that it is psychogenic in nature (Van Borsel, Verniers, & Bouvry, 1999).…”

Section: Sources Of the Earnings Disparity Associated With Stutteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Gerlach

Totty

Subramanian

et al. 2018

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Section: Sources Of the Earnings Disparity Associated With Stutteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Gerlach

Totty

Subramanian

et al. 2018

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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“…AWS report that disclosing stuttering can be beneficial because it relieves pressure to hide stuttering, elicits listener support, and reduces stigma. Although there have been studies investigating the effects of disclosure on listener perceptions of AWS (Byrd, McGill, Gkalitsiou, & Cappellini, 2017;Collins & Blood, 1990;Healey, Gabel, Daniels, & Kawai, 2007), research investigating the effects of disclosure on speakers who stutter is in its infancy.…”

Section: Stigma-identity Related Behaviors Among People With Csis: Comentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several groups of researchers have examined the effects of disclosure on listener reactions to stuttering (Byrd, Croft, et al, 2017;Byrd, McGill, et al, 2017;Collins & Blood, 1990;Healey et al, 2007;Lee & Manning, 2010). In these studies, participants watched videos of AWS speaking with and without disclosure statements and then described their perceptions of various personal traits of the speaker.…”

Section: Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from these studies provide evidence that, compared to no-disclosure conditions, disclosure positively influences listener perceptions of AWS. For example, one group of investigators found that listeners were more likely to perceive people who disclosed their stuttering as more outgoing, confident, and friendly than people who did not disclose stuttering (Byrd, McGill, et al, 2017). Other research indicates that disclosure is associated with more positive listener perceptions when it occurs at the beginning (rather than the end) of a monologue (Byrd, Croft, et al, 2017;Healey et al, 2007) and when the person disclosing is male (Byrd, McGill, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Disclosurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of stigma-identity constructs in psychological health outcomes among adults who stutter

Gerlach¹

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There are a handful of other people who have been integral to my success. Bill Murphy, thank you for advocating for my acceptance at The University of Iowa and for sparking my interest in stuttering. Karla McGregor, thank you for making me a better writer. I learned so much from you. Evan Totty, thank you for your input about the statistical analyses in this project and for your time and friendship. Anu Subramanian, you have been an incredible friend and mentor to me. I hit the jackpot when I met you at Purdue, and I will greatly miss having you nearby. When it comes to you, I can't sum up all that I am grateful for, so thank you for everything. Naomi Rodgers, there is no one else that I would have rather gone through this process with. I look forward to a lifetime of friendship and collaboration. Finally, Matt, I could not have completed this project without your unwavering support and positivity. Thank you for moving to Iowa for me and for weathering the good, bad, and ugly dissertation days. I can't wait to start the next chapter with you.

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“…There are multiple factors affecting stuttering, including physiological, psychological, environmental, and linguistic (Guitar 2006;2016;Kang et.al, 2010;Sitek et.al;Smith & Weber, 2017). Self-disclosure has been shown to improve listeners' perceptions and attitudes towards people who stutter in a positive manner (e.g., Byrd, McGill, Gkalitsiou, & Cappellini, 2017;Byrd, Gkalitsiou, McGill, Kelly & Reed, 2016;Lincoln, Brinker-Katz, 2017). Additionally, lower quality of life for people who stutter has been associated with lower levels of self-disclosure (Boyle, Milewski, & Beita-Ell, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Disclosure and Physiological Responses among Adults who Stutter

Rodriguez¹

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Purposes: (1) To explore self-disclosure, physiological and affective responses in easy and difficult speaking situations, (2) to investigate physiological and affective responses in self-disclosure and no self-disclosure speaking contexts, (3) to examine types of self-disclosure statements used along with physiological responses, (4) and to gain an understanding of reasons why and how adults who stutter choose to self-disclose or not self-disclose about their stuttering. Method: Four adults who stutter were randomly assigned to self-disclosure and non self-disclosure speaking contexts. Heart rate, skin conductance, and affective responses were measured during the following focus areas: 1) start baseline, 2) anticipation of the easy speaking situation, 3) the easy speaking situation, 4) anticipation of the difficult speaking situation, 5) the difficult speaking situation, and 6) end baseline. An informational interview to understand the participants' use of or lack of self-disclosure in their daily lives was then conducted. Results: Skin conductance responses were comparable between self-disclosure and non self-disclosure groups. When it came to the participants' heart rate (BPM), all but one focus area had a statistically significant difference between the BPM recorded for the self-disclosure group (M=35.88, SD=3.77) compared to the non self-disclosure group (M=49.54, SD=1.54) for the End Baseline; p =0.04 (between-group). Affectively, participants who did not self-disclose reported the same affective responses pre-and post-experiment, while participants who did self-disclose reported different affective responses pre-and post-experiment. Participants also expressed that self-disclosing was dependent on the familiarity of the listener or situation. Also, most participants stated feeling "at ease" or a "pressure" was lifted off when they self-disclosed. Most participants also shared that they self-disclosed as a part of their first interaction with someone or when meeting someone for the first time. Furthermore, when asked about their reactions to engaging in the most difficult and easiest speaking situations most participants were surprised by their feelings. Conclusion: There was not a statistically significant difference in the between-group heart rate and skin conductance results, but there was during the end of the baseline of the BPM measurements. It was also suggested that the anticipation of easy or difficult speaking situations (SC and HR) may be influenced based on familiarity or comfortableness of situation. Participants who did not self-disclose reported the same affective responses pre-and post-experiment, while participants who did self-disclose reported different affective responses pre-and post-experiment. Additionally, the informational interview gave insight into how the participants' perceived fear of a speaking situation was different than anticipated. The interview provided information about the situations that participants self-disclose most often and how they self-disclose. This study also ...

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The Effects of Self-Disclosure on Male and Female Perceptions of Individuals Who Stutter

Abstract: Results lend support to the effectiveness of self-disclosure as a technique that persons who stutter can use to positively influence the perceptions of listeners.

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

The role of stigma-identity constructs in psychological health outcomes among adults who stutter

Self-Disclosure and Physiological Responses among Adults who Stutter

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