Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Gerlach, Hope; Totty, Evan; Subramanian, Anu; Zebrowski, Patricia M.

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-17-0353

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…, Klein and Hood , Gerlach et al . , Logan and O'Connor ), and compels those affected to live in a society where the disorder is marginalized by destructive stereotypes about it (Klassen , Logan et al . , St Louis and Tellis , Walden and Lesner ).…”

Section: The Need For Early Stuttering Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The healthcare needs of children who begin to stutter during the pre-school years are best served by efforts to prevent chronic stuttering later in life. Advances in basic research about the disorder during past decades make it clear that chronic stuttering puts those affected at high risk of anxiety-related mental health problems (Blumgart et al 2010, Iverach et al 2009, Stein et al 1996, reduces the chance of attaining optimal education and occupation (Bricker-Katz et al 2013, Klein and Hood 2004, Gerlach et al 2018, Logan and O'Connor 2012, and compels those affected to live in a society where the disorder is marginalized by destructive stereotypes about it (Klassen 2002, Logan et al 2008, St Louis and Tellis 2015, Walden and Lesner 2018.…”

Section: Avoiding Chronic Stuttering With Early Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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After the RESTART trial: six guidelines for clinical trials of early stuttering intervention

Onslow

Lowe

2019

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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Background The Rotterdam Evaluation Study of Stuttering Therapy randomized trial (RESTART) was seminal, comparing the Lidcombe Program with RESTART Demands and Capacities Model‐based treatment (RESTART‐DCM) for pre‐school age children who stutter. Aims To critique the methods of the RESTART trial to develop guidelines for its systematic replication and extension. Beyond that, to contribute to the refinement of existing methodological guidelines for early stuttering intervention. Method The discussion is organized around methodological issues of primary outcomes, treatment completion, clinician allegiance, treatment fidelity, age exclusions and no‐treatment control reasoning. Main Contribution We recommend six methodological guidelines to guide future clinical trials comparing the Lidcombe Program with RESTART‐DCM, which can be applied to clinical trials of other early stuttering intervention methods: (1) incorporate a continuous measure of primary outcome; (2) ensure that all children in clinical trials have completed treatment; (3) eliminate potential bias due to clinician allegiance; (4) establish treatment fidelity within and beyond the clinic; (5) include children younger than 3 years in clinical trials; and (6) establish an estimate of treatment effect size at some stage of treatment development. Conclusion In addition to guiding future clinical research comparing RESTART‐DCM and Lidcombe Program treatment, these recommendations may extend to influence positively other treatment developments for early stuttering.

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Section: The Need For Early Stuttering Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Avoiding Chronic Stuttering With Early Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

After the RESTART trial: six guidelines for clinical trials of early stuttering intervention

Onslow

Lowe

2019

Intl J Lang & Comm Disor

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“…The resulting anxiety and stress can exacerbate speech dysfluency and affect social participation and academic or occupational achievement. Adults who stutter are often underemployed and face stigma and discrimination in academic and occupational settings 7 . Despite the efforts to help others identify with people who stutter, 8,9 not being able to speak fluently is a struggle that only those who stutter truly understand.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientists, society, and stuttering

SheikhBahaei

Maguire

2020

Int. J. Clin. Pract.

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More than 70 million people worldwide are affected by developmental stuttering. It is important to reach out to the public, scientific and medical communities, and those who stutter with a goal to raise awareness about stuttering. In this short perspective, we argue that to educate, advocate, and spread awareness about stuttering, we need role models, support, and opportunities. Every year, the National Stuttering Awareness Week is a time to educate, advocate, and spread awareness about this speech disorder. Although there are several types of speech fluency disorders, the childhood-onset fluency disorder (COFD, also known as stuttering disorder) is a neuro-developmental motor disorder 1 defined by the American Psychiatric Association (in cooperation and with acceptance from the American Speech and Hearing Association) as "a disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age." 2 Recent data indicate 2 of 2 | PERSPECTIVE role and enhance these efforts by providing education to academic institutions and scientific societies. We believe that opportunities, support, and role models are the minimum essentials to build a strong foundation of support within the laboratories, departments, hospitals, schools, and universities to educate, advocate, and spread awareness about COFD.

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“…Affected youth are also at increased risk for concomitant psychological problems such as depression, generalized anxiety, and substance abuse (Knappe et al, 2015;Tillfors & Van Zalk, 2015). Once they enter the workforce, individuals with both subclinical and clinical levels of SAD experience greater economic burden than individuals not suffering from social anxiety symptoms (Acarturk et al, 2009), a pattern that reflects the disadvantages that people who stutter experience in the labor market (Gerlach, Totty, Subramanian, & Zebrowski, 2018).…”

Section: Social Anxiety Symptomologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive bias and stuttering in adolescence

Rodgers¹

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balance during this process. You have been a steady reminder of what is most importantto live in the moment and to love without abandon. Hope, I am so grateful to have been on this adventure with you. Your friendship has been an abundant source of comfort and inspiration, and I am hopeful that we can continue to support each other throughout our careers. Last but certainly not least, Mom and Dad, your transatlantic migration decades ago to provide a better life and top-notch education for your children was braver than anything I have ever done, and I am so grateful to have been the beneficiary of your dreams. I love you all to the moon. Many thanks to the speech-language pathologists who graciously helped me recruit participants for this project, and to the adolescents who participated.

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Stuttering and Labor Market Outcomes in the United States

Abstract: Stuttering was associated with reduced earnings and other gender-specific disadvantages in the labor market. Preliminary evidence indicates that discrimination may have contributed to the earnings gap associated with stuttering, particularly for females.

Cited by 85 publications

References 62 publications

After the RESTART trial: six guidelines for clinical trials of early stuttering intervention

After the RESTART trial: six guidelines for clinical trials of early stuttering intervention

Scientists, society, and stuttering

Cognitive bias and stuttering in adolescence

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