The effects of schistosomiasis on HIV/AIDS infection, progression and transmission

Abstract

Schistosomiasis appears to be a cofactor in the spread and progression of HIV/AIDS in areas wherein both diseases are endemic; increased emphasis on treatment of schistosome infections in persons at risk of HIV/AIDS should be pursued.

Association of Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection in Tanzania

“…Our work is also supported by recent findings from the Rakai region of Uganda, where S. mansoni is endemic. 32 As noted perceptively in the work by Secor, 33 HIV-infected individuals more often had antibodies to schistosome antigens than HIV-uninfected individuals. Unlike in our study, in which CAA positivity indicates live worm infestation, the detection of antibodies to schistosome antigens does not prove active schistosomiasis.…”

“…7,10 Our results support these findings that show complex interactions between Schistosoma and HIV infections as well as the growing consensus that schistosome infection, including S. mansoni, may be a risk factor for HIV acquisition. 1,33 Our work suggests that, among rural African women in whom the prevalence of genital tract infections is low, schistosome infection may be a major contributor of risk for HIV acquisition. Over one-half of our population was infected with schistosomes, leading to an estimated population-attributable fraction for HIV acquisition caused by schistosome infection of 69% (36-81%) using previously described methods.…”

Cystic echinococcosis in South Africa: The worst yet to come?

“…Equally, in schistosomal infections increased tissue sequestration of eggs has been observed in HIV-infected individuals (Bourke et al, 2011). In return, Schistosomiasis is believed to increase the susceptibility to HIVinfection and cause a more rapid progression of disease (Secor, 2012).…”

Efficacy and safety of two closely spaced doses of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and re-infection patterns in school-aged children in Niger

“…Schistosomiasis, which is classified among the neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) (Molyneux et al, 2005;Hotez et al, 2006;Utzinger et al, 2009), constitutes a considerable public health problem, particularly in Africa, where more than 95% of the cases are areas where HIV/AIDS and schistosomiasis co-exist Secor, 2012).…”