Efficacy and safety of two closely spaced doses of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and re-infection patterns in school-aged children in Niger

Garba, Amadou; Lamine, Mariama S.; Barkiré, Nouhou; Djibo, Ali; Sofo, Boubacar; Gouvras, Anouk N.; Labbo, Rabiou; Sebangou, Hannatou; Webster, Joanne P.; Fenwick, Alan; Utzinger, Jürg

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.08.008

Cited by 67 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Reemergence of S. mansoni and S. haematobium after treatment in high-endemicity areas has previously been reported in Ivory Coast and Niger. 24,25 An increase of S. mansoni prevalence was also observed in Senegal 10 months after praziquantel administration, in Mali after four rounds of praziquantel treatment, and in Ivory Coast 1 year after MDA. [26][27][28] Since the beginning of 2015, we have been carrying out an observation program that monitors the schistosomiasis prevalence in one-third of children 6-14 years of age, whether they attend school or not, but only in the villages that had positive cases in 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Schistosomiasis Sustained Control Program in Ethnic Groups Around Ninefescha (Eastern Senegal)

N’Diaye¹,

Dioukhane²,

Ndao³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Schistosomiasis Sustained Control Program in Ethnic Groups Around Ninefescha (Eastern Senegal)

N’Diaye¹,

Dioukhane²,

Ndao³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…mansoni with 40 mg/kg praziquantel with 21-day follow-up [27,30]) had an ERR AM <90%; in terms of individual responses, the 30 th and 36 th centile, respectively had ERRs <90%, and 10.8% and 7.1% of patients, respectively had no change in their egg counts (ERR = 0). Three additional studies, all with ERR AM >90%, had individual ERRs <90% in the 13 th centile: one study on S .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Measuring Schistosoma Response to Praziquantel Treatment with Appropriate Descriptors of Egg Excretion

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe control of schistosomiasis emphasizes preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel, which aims at decreasing infection intensity and thus morbidity in individuals, as well as transmission in communities. Standardizing methods to assess treatment efficacy is important to compare trial outcomes across settings, and to monitor program effectiveness consistently. We compared customary methods and looked at possible complementary approaches in order to derive suggestions for standardizing outcome measures.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe analyzed data from 24 studies conducted at African, Asian, and Latin American sites, enrolling overall 4,740 individuals infected with Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, or S. japonicum, and treated with praziquantel at doses of 40–80 mg/kg. We found that group-based arithmetic and geometric means can be used interchangeably to express egg reduction rates (ERR) only if treatment efficacy is high (>95%). For lower levels of efficacy, ERR estimates are higher with geometric than arithmetic means. Using the distribution of individual responses in egg excretion, 6.3%, 1.7% and 4.3% of the subjects treated for S. haematobium, S. japonicum and S. mansoni infection, respectively, had no reduction in their egg counts (ERR = 0). The 5th, 10th, and 25th centiles of the subjects treated for S. haematobium had individual ERRs of 0%, 49.3%, and 96.5%; the corresponding values for S. japonicum were 75%, 99%, and 99%; and for S. mansoni 18.2%, 65.3%, and 99.8%. Using a single rather than quadruplicate Kato-Katz thick smear excluded 19% of S. mansoni-infected individuals. Whilst the effect on estimating ERR was negligible by individual studies, ERR estimates by arithmetic means were 8% lower with a single measurement.Conclusions/SignificanceArithmetic mean calculations of Schistosoma ERR are more sensitive and therefore more appropriate to monitor drug performance than geometric means. However, neither are satisfactory to identify poor responders. Group-based response estimated by arithmetic mean and the distribution of individual ERRs are correlated, but the latter appears to be more apt to detect the presence and to quantitate the magnitude of suboptimal responses to praziquantel.

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“…Three major epidemiological factors of reinfection were identified, including: pre-treatment infection intensity [26], [27], [30], [36], [40], rate of exposure [36], [40], [42], [44] and levels of transmission in the studied area [37], [42], [44], [47]. There was strong positive association between high (moderate to high) pretreatment infection intensities (>50 eggs/10 ml of urine for S. haematobium , and >100 eggs/g of feces for S. mansoni and S. japonicum ) and reinfection with schistosomes (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.97–4.12, Z = 5.57, p <0.0001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Determinants of Reinfection with Schistosomes in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2014

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BackgroundSchistosomiasis is still a major public health burden in the tropics and subtropics. Although there is an effective chemotherapy (Praziquantel) for this disease, reinfection occurs rapidly after mass drug administration (MDA). Because the entire population do not get reinfected at the same rate, it is possible that host factors may play a dominant role in determining resistance or susceptibility to reinfection with schistosomes. Here, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that reported associations between reinfection with the principal human-infecting species (S. mansoni, S. japonicum and S. haematobium) and host socio-demographic, epidemiological, immunological and genetic factors.Methodology/Principal FindingsPubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane Review Library and African Journals Online public databases were searched in October 2013 to retrieve studies assessing association of host factors with reinfection with schistosomes. Meta-analysis was performed to generate pooled odds ratios and standardized mean differences as overall effect estimates for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. Quality assessment of included studies, heterogeneity between studies and publication bias were also assessed. Out of the initial 2739 records, 109 studies were included in the analyses, of which only 32 studies with 37 data sets were eligible for quantitative data synthesis. Among several host factors identified, strong positive association was found with age and pre-treatment intensity, and only slightly for gender. These factors are major determinants of exposure and disease transmission. Significant positive association was found with anti-SWA IgG4 level, and a negative overall effect for association with IgE levels. This reconfirmed the concept that IgE/IgG4 balance is a major determinant of protective immunity against schistosomiasis. Other identified determinants were reported by a small number of studies to enable interpretation.ConclusionsOur data contribute to the understanding of host-parasite interaction as it affects reinfection, and is a potential tool to guide planning and tailoring of community interventions to target high-risk groups.

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Efficacy and safety of two closely spaced doses of praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni and re-infection patterns in school-aged children in Niger

Cited by 67 publications

References 53 publications

Schistosomiasis Sustained Control Program in Ethnic Groups Around Ninefescha (Eastern Senegal)

Schistosomiasis Sustained Control Program in Ethnic Groups Around Ninefescha (Eastern Senegal)

Toward Measuring Schistosoma Response to Praziquantel Treatment with Appropriate Descriptors of Egg Excretion

Host Determinants of Reinfection with Schistosomes in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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