The effects of recycling on the properties of carbon nanotube-filled polypropylene composites and worker exposures

Zhang, Jinde; Panwar, Artee; Bello, Dhimiter; Jozokos, Tim; Isaacs, Jacqueline A.; Barry, Carol; Mead, Joey

doi:10.1039/c5en00253b

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The authors found that, by increasing the number of cycles, the filled polymers were more sensitive to the higher shear stress involved during the injection processing. This is in contrast with the results of an earlier investigation carried out by the authors [36] on CNT-filled PP in which neat PP was found less resistant to degradation than the corresponding CNT-PP composites. Figure 10 shows a continuous decrease in the values of flexural modulus for the reprocessed PP, resulting from polymer matrix degradation during reprocessing [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Mechanical Testscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of clay amount and reprocessing cycles on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organovermiculite nanocomposites

Araújo

Visconte

Silva

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Nanocomposites of polypropylene (PP) and PP-grafted-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) with and without organophilic vermiculite (OVMT) (5-8%w/w) were evaluated. The nanocomposites and neat PP were submitted to extrusion reprocessing cycles. It was found that the presence of OVMT in PP/PP-g-MA was critical for maintaining thermal stability during reprocessing. The exfoliation/intercalation was confirmed, mainly, in the nanocomposite submitted to reprocessing cycles, by X-ray diffraction. The melt flow index (MFI) values for the 3× and 5× reprocessed PP increased by 40% and 70%, respectively, as compared to the neat PP. The MFI for the 3× and 5× reprocessed PP/PP-g-MA/OVMT decreased 26% and 17%, respectively, as compared to the decrease occurred in the 3× and 5× reprocessed PP, indicating that the presence of 5% (w/w) OVMT was sufficient to allow an increase in viscosity. The reprocessed nanocomposites exhibited values for tensile and flexural strengths and Izod impact, in general, greater than or near to those of PP with the same number of reprocessing cycles. The increase or maintenance of mechanical properties seems to depend on a balance between the extent of intercalation/exfoliation and dispersion of OVMT in the PP matrix, and the degree of degradation of the PP matrix. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:2110-2120

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Section: Mechanical Testscontrasting

confidence: 99%

Effect of clay amount and reprocessing cycles on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organovermiculite nanocomposites

Araújo

Visconte

Silva

et al. 2019

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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“…Zhang et al (88) studied the effects of recycling on the properties of carbon nanotube filled polypropylene nanocomposites. They found that the CNT-filled PP materials showed an increase in toughness with recycling ( Figure 19).…”

Section: Recyclability Of Pp-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcement of recycled PP polymers by nanoparticles incorporation

Zdiri

Elamri

Hamdaoui

et al. 2018

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Recycling process seems to be the most efficient way to reduce ecological impacts of used polymers. Nevertheless, the properties of the recycled PP polymer are proved to be insufficient during its reuse, particularly with regard to its thermo-mechanical and rheological behaviors. The incorporation of nanoparticles as fillers into polymer matrix seems to be one of the most successful solutions to upgrade recycled PP polymer. This paper presents an overview on the application of different nanofillers such as clay, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3), Silica (SiO 2), Zinc Oxide (ZnO), carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT), antioxidizers and others into recycled PP matrix. Literature works on the effects of nanofillers on obtained nanocomposites are extensively studied. The first section deals with PP recycling and its impact on thermal, mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer. Then, the second part summarizes recent studies on the effects of nanoparticles incorporation on thermo-mechanical and rheological properties of recycled PP. Finally, recyclability of PP-based nanocomposites is discussed.

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“…It should be pointed out that the behaviors for other nanofilled materials can be quite different and will be dependent on the base polymer. For example, CNT‐filled polypropylene exhibits greater resistance to degradation as compared to the neat polypropylene, while in contrast there is greater susceptibility to degradation shown by the CNT‐filled PC as compared to neat PC . Thus, the effect of nanoscale fillers on the recycling behavior is highly dependent on the specific polymer matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the degree of dispersion could potentially increase with the additional processing steps in recycling, which could yield improved properties. Our previous study about the effect of recycling on CNT‐filled Polypropylene (PP) showed that CNT‐filled PP had higher resistance to recycling compared to neat PP due to improved crystallization behavior with recycling . Thus, nanocomposites can show improved properties with recycling as opposed to degradation in properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of recycling on the structure and properties of carbon nanotube‐filled polycarbonate

Zhang

Panwar

Bello

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Sustainable manufacturing processes are becoming more important in industrial practice. A critical part of the manufacturing process is understanding the recycling behavior of nanocomposite materials, particularly as more recycled plastic nanocomposites are entering the market for a variety of different applications. A common method to recycle thermoplastic composites is by melting and remolding, which often leads to decreased mechanical properties. This work was conducted to investigate the effect of nanofillers on the recycling behavior and structure–property relationships of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐filled polycarbonate (PC). Materials were recycled by repeated injection molding and granulating up to twenty cycles. The effect of recycling on chemical, rheological, and mechanical properties was investigated. The results indicated a general decrease in melt viscosity and mechanical properties (with the exception of Young's Modulus). The CNT‐filled PC shows less resistance to recycling compared to neat PC. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1278–1284, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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The effects of recycling on the properties of carbon nanotube-filled polypropylene composites and worker exposures

Abstract: With production of nanocomposites, the product life cycle, including recycling, becomes critical.

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Effect of clay amount and reprocessing cycles on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organovermiculite nanocomposites

Effect of clay amount and reprocessing cycles on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene/organovermiculite nanocomposites

Reinforcement of recycled PP polymers by nanoparticles incorporation

The effects of recycling on the structure and properties of carbon nanotube‐filled polycarbonate

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