The effects of racism, social exclusion, and discrimination on achieving universal safe water and sanitation in high-income countries

Brown, Joe; Acey, Charisma S; Anthonj, Carmen; Barrington, Dani; Beal, Cara; Capone, Drew; Cumming, Oliver; Fedinick, Kristi Pullen; Gibson, Jacqueline MacDonald; Hicks, Brittany; Kozubík, Michal; Lakatosova, Nikoleta; Linden, Karl G.; Love, Nancy G.; Mattos, Kaitlin; Murphy, Heather M.; Winkler, Inga T.

doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00006-2

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…26 The burden of various disease estimates is attributed to water especially in marginalized peoples. 27 Marginalized people typically lack clean safe drinking water, and this is a serious issue impacting the health and well-being of Indigenous communities around the world. [28][29][30][31][32] In Canada, First Nation Peoples face multiple water issues including boil water advisories.…”

Section: Unhealthy Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Peoples understand human health relies on healthy waters

Chiblow

2023

Healthc Manage Forum

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Indigenous Peoples’ health is directly linked to the health of the waters. In Canada, First Nation communities are often the first to be affected by unhealthy waters regardless of Canada having a vast amount of fresh water. Indigenous Peoples view health as wholistic encompassing the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being that relies on healthy waters. They understand that health is directly linked to the health of the waters and have been stating so for several years. Water has become a human right but colonial water decision-making continues to allow for water pollution ignoring the Indigenous worldview that water is medicine. How can you have healthy people when the waters are contaminated. The Indigenous worldview and knowledge can provide solutions in water decision-making to ensure the waters continue to live their responsibility of providing health to humans and all life.

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Section: Unhealthy Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenous Peoples understand human health relies on healthy waters

Chiblow

2023

Healthc Manage Forum

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“…In addition, DHHS well water samples were primarily from predominately White block groups, despite 26% of well-using households estimated to identify as black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) [22]. Representation in sampling is important because lowincome and BIPOC households are more likely to have at-risk drinking water systems and resulting well water contamination [4,[23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead occurrence in North Carolina well water: importance of sampling representation and collection techniques

Wilson,

Hayes,

Jones

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Private wells often lack centralized oversight, drinking water quality standards, and consistent testing methodologies. For lead in well water, the lack of standardized data collection methods can impact reported measurements, which can misinform health risks. Here, we conducted a targeted community science testing of 1,143 wells across 17 counties in North Carolina (USA) and compared results to state testing data primarily associated with new well construction compiled in the NCWELL database. The goal of our study was to explore the impacts of sampling methodology and household representation on estimated lead exposures and subsequent health risks. At the household scale, we illustrated how sampling and analytical techniques impact lead measurements. The community science testing first draw samples (characterizing drinking water) had a 90th percentile lead value of 12.8 µg/L while the NCWELL database flushed samples (characterizing groundwater) had a value below the reporting level of 5 µg/L. As lead was associated with the corrosion of premise plumbing, flushing prior to collection substantially reduced lead concentrations. At the community scale, we examined how the lack of representation based on household demographics and well construction characteristics impacted the knowledge of lead and blood lead level (BLL) occurrence. When simulating representative demographics of the well populations, we observed that the 90th percentile lead level could differ by up to 6 µg/L, resulting in communities being above the USEPA action level. This translated to a 1.0-1.3 µg/dL difference in predicted geometric mean BLL among infants consuming reconstituted formula. Further, inclusion of less common well construction types also increased lead in water occurrence. Overall, under- and overestimations of lead concentrations associated with differences in sampling techniques and sample representation can misinform conclusions about risks of elevated BLLs associated with drinking water from private wells which may hinder investigations of waterborne lead exposure.

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“…The advancement of globalization and industrialization has led many countries and regions to face issues of water scarcity, pollution, and ecological degradation of rivers and lakes (Scanlon et al 2023). Particularly in developing countries, rapid population growth and expansive economic development have placed higher demands on water resources (Brown et al 2023;Tang et al 2022). Climate change and global warming have notably affected the distribution, availability, and quality of water resources, subjecting them to significant stress (Howells 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing Water Resources Levels under the Water Resources Carrying Capacity Framework – A Dynamic QCA Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Li,

Wu,

2024

Preprint

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Current frameworks for evaluating water resources carrying capacity often overlook the interdependencies between subsystems, hindering the exploration of the differentiated pathways through which each subsystem impacts the water resource subsystem. Therefore, the aim of this study is to introduce the dynamic qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) model into the evaluation of water resources carrying capacity. The ecological environment, social, and economic subsystems are defined as conditional subsystems, while the water resources subsystem is defined as the outcome subsystem. The Entropy Weight Method is used to calculate the comprehensive scores of each subsystem and to calibrate them. Leveraging the "analysis of the necessity of a single conditional subsystem" and the "analysis of the sufficiency of the configuration of conditional subsystems" from dynamic QCA, we qualitatively analyze the extent and pathways of the impact of the ecological environment, social, and economic subsystems on the water resources subsystem within the framework of water resources carrying capacity. Results reveal a general stability in water resource levels despite regional variances, pinpointing pathways of influence including ecological-social and ecological-economic configurations. The period of 2011–2015 saw poor stability which then improved until 2019, followed by a decline in 2020. The middle reaches urban cluster showed the highest stability, less impacted by conditional subsystems. The findings enable provinces and municipalities to tailor policies and enhance subsystem levels for better water resource management.

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The effects of racism, social exclusion, and discrimination on achieving universal safe water and sanitation in high-income countries

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

Indigenous Peoples understand human health relies on healthy waters

Indigenous Peoples understand human health relies on healthy waters

Lead occurrence in North Carolina well water: importance of sampling representation and collection techniques

Factors Influencing Water Resources Levels under the Water Resources Carrying Capacity Framework – A Dynamic QCA Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

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