The effects of probiotics, organic acid, and a medicinal plant on the immune systemand gastrointestinal microflora in broilers challenged with Campylobacter jejuni

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen with worldwide distribution, infects about 400 million humans in the world annually. In order to reduce C. jejuni colonization in the gastrointestinal tracts of broilers and make chickens less susceptible to colonization, four commercial products based on organic acid, probiotics, and medicinal plants were used. In this experiment, 210 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned to 7 treatment groups randomly with 3 replications and 10 birds in each pen. Birds were challenged on day 21 by 1 mL of 6 × 10 7 CFU/mL C. jejuni live suspension and samples were collected on days 28 and 42. The immune system's efficiency was evaluated by lymphoid organ development assessment and two specific and nonspecific immune system tests. The cecal contents and liver were considered for C. jejuni enumeration. According to the results, all treatments except one showed a significant difference from the control in terms of cecal colonization (P ≤ 0.001). Probiotic and Echinacea purpurea treatments could significantly increase the immune system's efficiency (P ≤ 0.001). In general, in this study we provide evidence that some commercial feed and water additives can reduce chickens' susceptibility to C. jejuni colonization and also can effectively increase immune system efficiency.

The effectiveness of a dietary direct-fed microbial and mannan oligosaccharide on ultrastructural changes of intestinal mucosa of turkey poults infected with Salmonella and Campylobacter

“…Enzymes catalyzing digestive and absorptive functions seem to be spatially arranged in the brush border so as to offer a kinetic advantage for absorption, not only for digestive feedstuffs, but also for sodium, and possibly other ions by a mechanism of cooperative interaction between these and other absorbed molecules in the mobile carrier transport system ( Denbow, 2015 ). In addition, one could speculate that decrease of feed consumption in animals infected with pathogenic microorganisms such as Salmonella ( Rahimi et al, 2009 ) and Campylobacter ( Ebrahimi et al, 2016 ) could arise from damage to the intestinal mucosa that signals the neural center (hypothalamus) of the brain. A decrease in the intestine’s ability to take up specific nutrients, because of the lesions caused by pathogenic microorganisms, may play a role in the debilitation and wasting that often follows exposure to pathogens.…”

Preventive antimicrobial action and tissue architecture ameliorations of Bacillus subtilis in challenged broilers

“…The current results were consistent with those in the study by Oh et al [41], who found that supplementing broilers with probiotics reduced coliform and E. coli counts in Salmonella-challenged broilers. Ebrahimi et al [42] concluded that acidic pH from organic acids produced by supplementing broilers with PrimaLac ® (120 g/1 L water until the 14 th day, 454 g/1000 kg ration until the 28 th day, and 225 g/1000 kg ration for the rest of the growing period) reduced growth and colonization of Campylobacter jejuni. Nishiyama et al [43] and Saint-Cyr et al [44] reported that using Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 and Bacillus sp.…”

Nanoliposome-Encapsulated and Non-Encapsulated Phenolics From Achillea millefolium and Their Biological Function in Mice Challenged by Campylobacter jejuni: A Comparative Study

“…Sigma Aldrich (Germany) supplied soybean lecithin with a purity of 99%. As a food-borne pathogen, C. jejuni (RTCC 1097) was provided from Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran (Gharib Naseri et al, 2012;Ebrahimi et al, 2016). As part of the gene expression analysis, the RNeasy Mini kit from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany), SYBR Green PCR Master Mix from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany), cDNA Quantitect Reverse Transcription Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), and SYBR Green PCR Master Mix from Qiagen (Hilden, Germany) were utilised.…”

“…This experimental challenge was designed to determine the pathogenicity of C. jejuni, which was isolated from the cloaca of commercial broiler chicken (Gharib Naseri et al, 2012;Ebrahimi et al, 2016). The C. jejuni was propagated in microaerophilic conditions at 42 °C using selective culture media (Oxid, United Kingdom).…”