The Effects of Preschooler Temperament and Maternal Postnatal Depression, Depression, and Parenting Stress on Preschooler Externalizing Problem Behavior

Abstract

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of preschooler temperament and maternal postnatal depression, depression, and parenting stress on preschooler externalizing problem behavior. Methods: The participants consisted of 98 preschoolers (ages 4-5 years) and their mothers. The subjects completed the following questionnaires: Emotionality, Activity, and Sociability (EAS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Parenting Stress Scale, Korean Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (K-CBCL 1.5-5), and Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation Inventory Short Form (SCBE-30). The data were analyzed by t/F tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion: First, preschooler emotionality temperament had positive correlations with attention problems and aggression. Second, maternal depression and parenting stress had a positive correlation with preschooler externalizing problem behaviors. Third, maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler attention problems. Forth, preschooler emotional temperament and maternal parenting stress had an effect on preschooler aggression.

Factors influencing health-related quality of life in adolescent girls: a path analysis using a multi-mediation model

“…Higher scores indicate higher levels of social support. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92 in the past study among Korean adolescents [43] and 0.93 in the current study.…”

“…Social support was measured by the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) developed by Han and Yoo [43]. It is a 5-point Likert scale and consists of 24 items regarding perceived support from family, school teachers, and friends.…”

Factors influencing prenatal and postpartum depression in Korea: a prospective cohort study

“…In Korea, the level of interest in prenatal depression is relatively low; instead, most studies have explored postnatal depression and its predictors among postpartum women [3,9,13,14,22]. One study investigated the prevalence of prenatal and postnatal depression and associated factors from early pregnancy to 4 weeks postpartum in a cohort of pregnant women [15].…”

“…In a study from South Korea (hereafter Korea) that applied the above predictors of postnatal depression [8], prenatal depression, low social support, depressed mood postpartum, and child care stress were significant factors at 2 weeks postpartum, and prenatal depression, low social support, depressed mood postpartum, and unintended pregnancy were significant factors at 6 weeks postpartum [8]. In other studies, everyday stress and child care stress [3,[9][10][11] or stress related to interpersonal relationships or finances during pregnancy [12] influenced postpartum depression. Overall, previous research has consistently shown that pregnancy and postpartum depression are related to different types of stress.…”

“…Depression is a common health concern among women during pregnancy and delivery, along with fatigue and anxiety [1], and it negatively affects all family members including the spouse and children [2][3][4]. Thus, there is a need for a longitudinal study exploring depression and associated factors across the prenatal and postnatal periods to prevent depression, identify intervention time points, and suggest intervention content.…”