The effects of Plateau borders in the two-dimensional soap froth III. Further results

Statistics and topological changes in 2D foam from the dry to the wet limit

“…Again, Princen may be credited with this finding [10]. This trend was also reproduced in the early simulations of Bolton and Weaire [8] and Hutzler et al [11]. An associated phenomenon was noted, which may be considered to be a third aspect of the critical behaviour associated with the wet limit: it might be termed fragility.…”

“…Before proceeding to the analysis of rearrangements we shall present results for various basic quantities of interest, complementing and completing previously published data from PLAT [8,5,6,11,17].…”

“…The size of the cascades was found to increase with the liquid fraction [11], possibly tending to infinity, but it was not feasible to fully explore the wet limit, at which point the size was expected to diverge. In the present paper we return to this phenomenon, using a progressive increase of liquid fraction, rather than stress, as the small perturbation.…”

“…An associated phenomenon was noted, which may be considered to be a third aspect of the critical behaviour associated with the wet limit: it might be termed fragility. This is the occurrence of cascades of topological changes, in response to a small stress increment above the yield stress [11].…”

Foam Mechanics at the Bubble Scale

“…This has been generalized for computer simulation to incorporate both randomness [4,5] and a finite amount of liquid at the film junctions [6,7]. However, this approach is nontrivial to implement in three dimensions and at high liquid volume fractions; furthermore, only the static response has so far been considered.…”