The effects of phthalate and nonylphenol exposure on body size and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty

Hou, Jia‐Woei; Lin, Ching Ling; Tsai, Yen An; Chang, Chia Huang; Liao, Kai-Wei; Yu, Ching Jung; Yang, Winnie; Lee, Ming Jun; Huang, Po Chin; Sun, Chien Wen; Wang, Yin Han; Lin, Fang; Wu, Wen Shu; Lee, Meng Chih; Pan, Wen Harn; Chen, Bai-Hsiun; Wu, Ming Tsang; Chen, Chu-Chih; Wang, Shu Li; Lee, Ching Chang; Hsiung, Chao A.; Chen, Mei Lien

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.004

Cited by 60 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In Taiwan, there is no suggested TDI value for DiBP, even though this phthalate was reported41 to reduce fetal testosterone production with a potency similar to that of both DnBP and DEHP, which suggests that it is appropriate to use the EFSA TDI value for DnBP to estimate exposure to DnBP and DiBP simultaneously. For vulnerable groups—especially children—the growing evidence indicated that growth and development of the reproductive and endocrine systems could be disrupted42434445. In addition, results from the recent toxicological phthalates studies have indicated a consideration of each TDI for each individual phthalate would be inappropriate for the overall tolerable phthalate intake383940.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal

Chang

Lee

Pan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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A food scandal occurred in Taiwan in 2011 because the DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) had been intentionally used in food products. We assessed the daily intakes (DIs) and cumulative risk of phthalates in Taiwan’s general population after the scandal. The DIs of 6 phthalates, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), and DEHP, were evaluated using urinary phthalate metabolites. Hazard quotients of phthalates classified as affecting the reproductive (HQrep) and hepatic (HQhep) systems were assessed using cumulative approach. The creatinine-based model showed that the highest DI values in children 7-to 12- years-old were for DEHP (males: median: 4.79 μg/kg bw/d; females: median: 2.62 μg/kg bw/d). The 95th percentile (P95) of HQrep values were all >1 in the 7- to 12-year-old and 18- to 40-year-old male groups. The P95 of HQhep values were all >1 in the 7- to 18- year-old male groups. Most of the HQrep was attributable to the HQs of DnBP and DiBP (53.9–84.7%), and DEHP contributed most to HQhep (83.1–98.6%), which reveals that DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were the main risk of phthalate exposure for Taiwanese. Taiwan’s general population is widely exposed to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP, especially for young children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal

Chang

Lee

Pan

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…Perinatal and prenatal exposures have also been shown to result in excessive weight gain and adipose tissue mass in offspring (30, 31, 38–47). Human studies have demonstrated a positive association between EDC exposures and obesity, increased weight circumference, or increased body mass index (28, 30, 40, 42, 48–65). …”

Section: Adipogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

et al. 2017

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent in the environment, and epidemiologic studies have suggested that human exposure is linked to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In vitro experiments have further demonstrated that EDCs promote changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), leading to increases in adipogenic differentiation, decreases in osteogenic differentiation, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases in oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. Studies have also shown alteration in trophic factor production, differentiation ability, and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs, which have significant implications to the current studies exploring MSCs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications and the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Thus, the consideration of the effects of EDCs on MSCs is vital when determining potential therapeutic uses of MSCs, as increased exposure to EDCs may cause MSCs to be less effective therapeutically. This review focuses on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation effects of EDCs as these are most relevant to the therapeutic uses of MSCs in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight the effects of EDCs, including organophosphates, plasticizers, industrial surfactants, coolants, and lubricants, on MSC biology.

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“…Moreover, several studies suggest that DEHP may promote childhood obesity [7]. Hou’s study suggests that DEHP exposure is associated with abdominal obesity in adolescents [8]. Kim et al found that DEHP exposure may have a close relationship with the incidence of obesity in school-age children [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PPARγ, a nuclear hormone receptor, is mainly expressed in adipose tissue and plays a number of key roles including regulating the differentiation of adipocytes and fat accumulation/storage in the adipose tissue. Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), which is a metabolite of DEHP, can act as a PPARγ agonist, thereby promoting differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells [8,10]. However, Hao et al observed that MEHP activated PPARγ and its target genes in vivo [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Lipid Metabolism by the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rats

Jia

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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The most widely used plasticizer, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is known to affect lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. We studied the effects of dietary DEHP exposure on metabolism in rats as well as the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in this process. Eighty rats were exposed to DEHP (0, 5, 50 and 500 mg/kg/d) through dietary intake for 4 weeks. We then collected blood samples, liver, and adipose tissues to detect modifications in the levels of serum lipids, leptin, adiponectin and insulin. JAK3, STAT5a and PPARγ expression were detected at both the gene and protein levels. The activation of JAK3 and STAT5a was also detected. The DEHP-exposed rats had increased body weight, serum lipid, insulin, and leptin levels. Moreover, the JAK3/STAT5a pathway was activated in the adipose tissue; however, this pathway was not activated in the liver. The mRNA of SREBP-1c in the liver was increased significantly among each of the groups, in contrast to the levels found in the mature SREBP-1c protein form. Furthermore, the expression of FABP4, Acox and FASn was decreased in the liver, but increased in adipose tissue. Thus, we conclude that exposure to DEHP reduces the hydrolysis of lipid and promotes triglyceride accumulation by oppositely regulating the activation state of JAK/STAT pathway in the liver and adipose tissue, resulting in the disorder of body lipid metabolism and obesity.

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The effects of phthalate and nonylphenol exposure on body size and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty

Cited by 60 publications

References 96 publications

Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal

Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

Effects of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate on Lipid Metabolism by the JAK/STAT Pathway in Rats

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