The effects of peripheral flicker on foveal spectral sensitivity

Kuyk, Thomas; Fuhr, Patti S.

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(93)90183-w

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The drop in sensitivity to the spot in geniculate neurons (about 0.5) may reflect the reduction in the contrast gain and increase the operating luminance range of the relay system. Our results are also consistent with perceptual studies that showed reductions in sensitivity to central targets during displacement of peripheral patterns (Breitmeyer et al, 1980;Brooks & Impelmam, 1981) or peripheral flicker (Kuyk & Fuhr, 1993).…”

Section: Contrast Gain and Visual Sensitivitysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Perceptual studies have shown that the apparent contrast of small foveal targets can be reduced by long-range interactions in the spatial domain such as textured backgrounds (Chubb et al, 1989), peripheral annuli containing either static or moving gratings (Breitmeyer & Valberg, 1979;Derrington, 1984;Cannon & Fullenkamp, 1991), and peripheral flicker (Kuyk & Fuhr, 1993). The functional significance of this type of long-range interaction is not known, but it could be involved in the loss of visual sensitivity during saccadic eye movements (Volkmann, 1986), restoration of brightness information (Li et al, 1991), and the regulation of visual information flow .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-range interactions in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the New-World monkey, Callithrix jacchus

Felisberti

Derrington

2001

Vis. Neurosci.

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Visual stimulation of zones extending beyond the classical receptive field can modulate the contrast gain of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of cats, but little is known about the effect of extra-classical visual stimulation on the LGN of primates. Hence, we compare the effect of long-range interactions in parvocellular and magnocellular LGN layers of the marmoset monkey Callithrix jacchus using optimal, incremental spots flashed on the classical receptive field either alone or simultaneously with the shift of a grating (98% contrast; 0.1 cycles/deg) confined to a peripheral annulus (radii: 5-15 deg). The contrast required to drive the response halfway to saturation (c50) of most LGN neurons was raised by remote pattern shifts. The c50 ratio [(shift+spot)/spot] in OFF-center magnocellular neurons was significantly higher than in OFF-center parvocellular neurons. OFF-center magnocellular neurons closer to the fovea (<10 deg eccentricity) tended to have a higher c50 ratio than in more peripheral neurons. A significant drop in visual sensitivity to 25% contrast spots was observed during remote motion: d' fell from 1.8 to 1.4 in parvocellular neurons and from 2.2 to 1.7 in magnocellular neurons. Such long-range interactions produce a reduction in visual sensitivity by changing the gain of the geniculate relay and point to an inhibitory, motion-sensitive extra-classical receptive field in both parvocellular and magnocellular pathways, which may be involved in saccadic suppression and attentional mechanisms in early vision.

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Section: Contrast Gain and Visual Sensitivitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range interactions in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the New-World monkey, Callithrix jacchus

Felisberti

Derrington

2001

Vis. Neurosci.

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“…Psychophysical studies in humans have demonstrated that modulating the luminance of retinal areas that are far removed from the target locus can elevate thresholds for targets presented to the fovea (Breitmeyer & Valberg, 1979;Breitmeyer et al, 1980;Green, 1983;Derrington, 1984;Marrocco et al, 1987). However, not every target's visibility is affected by remote peripheral stimulation; those that are, include low, but not high, spatial-frequency gratings (Green, 1983;Derrington, 1984;Bowling, 1985;Marrocco et al, 1987), brief achromatic flashes (Breitmeyer & Valberg, 1979;Breitmeyer et al, 1980) and large, brief (but not long) duration monochromatic flashes and bichromatic mixtures (Kuyk & Fuhr, 1993, 1994. Furthermore, when the foveal targets are rapidly flickering chromatic spots, thresholds for the percept of flicker, but not color or form in these stimuli, are elevated (He & Loop, 1990;Fuhr & Kuyk, 1998;Kuyk et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The psychophysical periphery effect crosses the vertical meridian

Kuyk

Niculescu

2001

Vis Neurosci

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This study measured the periphery effect and compared its magnitude when the peripheral stimulation was on the same or opposite side of the vertical meridian as the test spot. Test thresholds for a 1.5-deg diameter, 8-ms spot located 1.75 deg to one side of the vertical meridian were elevated by approximately 0.125 log units when a 0.25 cycles/deg (cpd) counterphased grating was presented at a similar eccentric offset on the other side of the vertical meridian. The periphery effect disappeared when the test spot was moved outward to 8-deg eccentricity. When the grating and test were presented on the same side of the vertical meridian, test thresholds at both retinal locations were elevated by the same amount, 0.2 log units. Consistent with the physiology in cat retina, the periphery effect in humans also crosses over the vertical meridian. However, the effect is small and the test spot must be in close proximity to the vertical meridian for it to be observed. Also, the crossover periphery effect is reduced in magnitude by 37.5% compared to when the grating and test are presented on the same side of the vertical meridian. This suggests there may be a difference in how the underlying neural mechanism that transmits the periphery effect signal laterally is organized for sending the periphery effect signal across the vertical meridian as compared to within a retinal hemifield.

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Suppressive effects of peripheral flicker on foveal bichromatic mixture thresholds

Kuyk¹,

Fuhr

1994

Vision Research

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The effects of peripheral flicker on foveal spectral sensitivity

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Long-range interactions in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the New-World monkey, Callithrix jacchus

Long-range interactions in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the New-World monkey, Callithrix jacchus

The psychophysical periphery effect crosses the vertical meridian

Suppressive effects of peripheral flicker on foveal bichromatic mixture thresholds

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