The Effects of Passive Smoking on Laryngeal and Tracheal Mucosa in Male Wistar Rats During Growth: An Experimental Study

Leão, Henrique Zaquia; Zettler, Cláudio Galleano; Cambruzzi, Eduardo; Lammers, Marcelo Lazzaron; Soster, Paula Rigon da Luz; Mello, Fernanda Bastos de; Goulart, Guilherme Reghelin; Campos, Deivis de; Jotz, Geraldo Pereira

doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.12.014

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide (Kadhum et al, 2015; Morris et al, 2015). Many studies have reported a strong association between smoking and cardiovascular disease occurrence (Doria et al, 2003; Banderali et al, 2015; Morris et al, 2015; Zaquia Leão et al, 2016). Nevertheless, other studies have failed to find the association between smoking and cardiovascular disease, which is possibly due to the study population and size (Akhtar and Asghar, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model

et al. 2016

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Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoking remains a global health epidemic with associated detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. In this work, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on cardiovascular system in an animal model. The study then evaluated the effects of antioxidants (AO), represented by pomegranate juice, on cigarette smoke induced cardiovascular injury. This study aims at evaluating the effect of pomegranate juice supplementation on the cardiovascular system of an experimental rat model of smoke exposure.Methods: Adult rats were divided into four different groups: Control, Cigarette smoking (CS), AO, and CS + AO. Cigarette smoke exposure was for 4 weeks (5 days of exposure/week) and AO group received pomegranate juice while other groups received placebo. Assessment of cardiovascular injury was documented by assessing different parameters of cardiovascular injury mediators including: (1) cardiac hypertrophy, (2) oxidative stress, (3) expression of inflammatory markers, (4) expression of Bradykinin receptor 1 (Bdkrb1), Bradykinin receptor 2 (Bdkrb2), and (5) altered expression of fibrotic/atherogenic markers [(Fibronectin (Fn1) and leptin receptor (ObR))].Results: Data from this work demonstrated that cigarette smoke exposure induced cardiac hypertrophy, which was reduced upon administration of pomegranate in CS + AO group. Cigarette smoke exposure was associated with elevation in oxidative stress, significant increase in the expression of IL-1β, TNFα, Fn1, and ObR in rat's aorta. In addition, an increase in aortic calcification was observed after 1 month of cigarette smoke exposure. Furthermore, cigarette smoke induced a significant up regulation in Bdkrb1 expression level. Finally, pomegranate supplementation exhibited cardiovascular protection assessed by the above findings and partly contributed to ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy in cigarette smoke exposed animals.Conclusion: Findings from this work showed that cigarette smoking exposure is associated with significant cardiovascular pathology such as cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, pro-fibrotic, and atherogenic markers and aortic calcification in an animal model as assessed 1 month post exposure. Antioxidant supplementation prevented cardiac hypertrophy and attenuated indicators of atherosclerosis markers associated with cigarette smoke exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model

et al. 2016

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“…Rats exposed to second-hand smoking had significantly higher proportions of moderate and focal inflammation of the larynx than a control group [30]. Some animal experiments have confirmed the harm of side-stream smoke: Rats exposed to side-stream smoke had a 6 times greater risk of cancer than those exposed to main-stream smoke [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Second-Hand Smoking and Laryngopathy in the General Population of South Korea

2016

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PurposeThe relationship between second-hand smoking and laryngopathy has not yet been reported. Thus, this study investigates the relationship between second-hand smoking and laryngopathy and suggests basic empirical data to prevent laryngopathy.MethodsThis study analyzed 1,905 non-smokers over the age of 19 (269 men and 1,636 women) who completed the health questionnaire, laryngeal endoscope test, and urine cotinine test in the 2008 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Second-hand smoking was defined as a urine cotinine concentration of 50ng/ml and over. Confounding factors included age, gender, education, household income, occupation, alcohol consumption, and coffee consumption. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were presented for the relationship between second-hand smoking and laryngopathy by using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsThere was a significant relationship between second-hand smoking and laryngopathy (p<0.05). After all compounding factors were adjusted, non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoking had a 2.5 times (RR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.19–5.08) significantly higher risk of laryngopathy than non-smokers not exposed to second-hand smoking (p<0.05).ConclusionIn this epidemiological study, there was a significant relationship between second-hand smoking and laryngopathy. More effective anti-smoking policies are required to protect the health of both non-smokers and smokers.

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“…The cotinine levels were quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) according to the protocol established by Ceppa et al 19 . Necropsy: After 120 of exposure, following all the protocols required by Resolution nº 1000 of the Federal Council of Veterinary Medicine, all animals suffered euthanasia using the appropriate intraperitoneal dose of ketamine (75-90 mg/kg) 18 and xylazine (10 mg/kg), with injection of 1000 IU of heparine (Cristália, Brazil) at the left ventricle of the heart. Using a peristaltic pump, the animals were perfused with 200 mL of saline solution, followed by 200 mL of 4% paraformaldehyde (Reagan, Brazil) diluted in phosphate 0.1M "buffer" solution (pH 7,4, PBS), at room temperature.…”

Section: Analysis Of Cotinine Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of passive tobacco smoking on the microcirculation of the abdominal wall in rats

et al. 2016

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Brazil. Scientific, intellectual, conception and design of the study; analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision, final approval. ABSTRACT PURPOSE:To analysis the effects of passive smoking on the microstructure of tissues of the abdominal wall regarding microcirculation, using histopathological study of the tobacco exposed rats. METHODS: Twenty four male Wistar rats were divided in Control Group (CG = 8 animals) and Exposition Groups (EG = 16 animals).EG was exposed to cigarette smoke 4x/day for 120 days, while CG was preserved from exposure. Food, water and housing were similar for both groups. After 120 days, urine samples were collected before necropsy to analyze cotinine levels (ng/mL) in urine and blinded histopathological analysis of the abdominal wall performed to count arteries and veins in dermal and muscular fascia layer. RESULTS:No difference in weight was observed between both groups (P>0.05). Cotinine concentration was significantly higher in EG (P<0.05). In dermal layer, the average of vessels per animal was 8.72 (IC95%: 8.31-9.13) for CG and 11, for EG. In muscular fascia layer the average of vessels per animal was ) for CG, whereas the average for EG was of 14,85 (IC95%: 12.71-17.01) (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:Exposition to passive smoking may cause increase in the number of vessels in dermal layer, with the opposite effects at the muscular fascia layer.

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The Effects of Passive Smoking on Laryngeal and Tracheal Mucosa in Male Wistar Rats During Growth: An Experimental Study

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model

Cigarette Smoking-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy, Vascular Inflammation and Injury Are Attenuated by Antioxidant Supplementation in an Animal Model

Association between Second-Hand Smoking and Laryngopathy in the General Population of South Korea

The effects of passive tobacco smoking on the microcirculation of the abdominal wall in rats

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