The Effects Of Ozone On Tobacco And Pinto Bean as Conditioned by Several Ecological Factors

Heck, Walter W.; Dunning, John A.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1967.10468950

Cited by 58 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Conductances of control plants were statistically similar over the day, whereas those of exposed plants were not. These trends agree with previous studies undertaken with single pollutants where injury was greater at midday (7,18,22), and the greater injury was associated with higher stomatal conductance during exposure (18). However, stomatal conductance is apparently not the only controller INJURY, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, AND ABA LEVELS OF PEA Figure 2.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Injury was similar during the first and last 2 h of the light period. The diurnal response to the mixture of 03 plus S02 was similar to that reported for 03 or SO2 alone (7,18,22).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…As early as 1949, Katz (10) showed that barley and alfalfa grown in fields were less sensitive to SO2 early and late than during the middle of the day. Such variations in diurnal injury responses to single pollutants have been confirmed in controlled environments with other crops (7,22), including peas (18). No diurnal studies with mixtures of pollutants were found.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

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Injury, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Levels of Pea Plants following Ozone plus Sulfur Dioxide Exposures at Different Times of the Day

Kobriger¹,

Tibbitts²,

Brenner³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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ABSTRACIPea (Pisum sativum L. cv Alsweet) plants were exposed to mixtures ofozone plus sulfur dioxide at different times of the day. InJury, evaluated either as necrosis or chlorophyll, was greatest at midday when stomatal conductance was greatest. Abscisic acid levels were similar over the day, and showed no relation to stomatal conductance.Investigations of pollutant exposure at different times of the day have been undertaken with 03 and SO2 singly (5). As early as 1949, Katz (10) showed that barley and alfalfa grown in fields were less sensitive to SO2 early and late than during the middle of the day. Such variations in diurnal injury responses to single pollutants have been confirmed in controlled environments with other crops (7, 22), including peas (18). No diurnal studies with mixtures of pollutants were found.The reduced injury early and late in the day has been related closely to stomatal response during the period of exposure (18). Plants exposed early and late in the day exhibited greater stomatal closure than plants exposed at midday (18).Mechanisms regulating the changes in stomatal conductance of plants exposed to pollutants at different times of the day are not understood. Olszyk and Tibbitts (18) suggested that ABA might be involved in controlling stomatal responses. This suggestion is supported by the fact that when ABA content of leaves was increased by foliar applications or by water stress, stomata closed, resulting in decreased 03 uptake and hence less injury to plants (4, 9). Also, ABA concentrations were higher in SO2-resistant plants which had greater stomatal closure during exposure than S02-sensitive plants (12,13 at different times of the day have been reported, although patterns over the day have not been consistent (3,8,14,17, 20,23). No reported studies of fluctuations in ABA concentrations of plants exposed to pollutants at different times of the day were found.Plants were exposed for 2 h to a mixture of 03 plus SO2, two pollutants commonly occurring together in the ambient environment. Exposures were undertaken for 2 h to simulate the length of ground level S02 exposures around coal-fired electrical generating stations (21). To

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Injury was similar during the first and last 2 h of the light period. The diurnal response to the mixture of 03 plus S02 was similar to that reported for 03 or SO2 alone (7,18,22).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

mentioning

confidence: 77%

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Injury, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Levels of Pea Plants following Ozone plus Sulfur Dioxide Exposures at Different Times of the Day

Kobriger¹,

Tibbitts²,

Brenner³

1984

Plant Physiol.

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“…It has been shown with pinto beans (Heck & Dunning, 1967;Dunning & Heck, 1973, 1977 and pine seedlings (Davis & Wood, 1973) that high compared with low light levels during a growth period before exposure to ozone reduce the effect of ozone. High light during exposure, however, increases the effect because of increased stomatal aperture and increased ozone uptake (Adepipe, Khatamian & Ormrod, 1973;Reich, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low ozone concentrations on growth of Betula pubescens Ehrh., Betula verrucosa Ehrh. and Alnus incana (L.) Moench

Mortensen

Skre

1990

New Phytologist

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summary Seedlings of Betula pubescens, Betula verrucosa and Alnus incana were grown for 50 days in growth chambers at four ozone concentrations (25, 35, 53 and 82 nl 1 −1) fot 7 h day−1. Shoot and root dry weight decreased almost linearly with increasing ozone concentration in the three species. Shoot/root and leaf/stem dry weight ratios were unaffected by ozone concentration, while leaf senescence was significantly enhanced by increasing the concentration. Visible ozone injury was observed at 53 nl 1−1 and above.

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“…The mean ambient COj concen-efTects of COj would be expected to decrease the tration rose from 315//11~^ (ppm) in 1958 to entry of pollutant gases into leaves and thereby decrease pollutant effects. The COg concentration during experimental exposures to O3 is an important consideration; a lh exposure to 30 nl 1"^ of O3 caused 66 % injury of tobacco at ambient COg levels, but caused only 22 % injury if the background COj level was increased by 500 //I T^ (Heck & Dunning, 1967). However, CO, enrichment did not protect pinto bean from O3 injury (Heck & Dunning, 1967).…”

Section: Concentrations Of Co9 Also Have Risen Dramaticallymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ozone and carbon dioxide mixtures on two clones of white clover

et al. 1993

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SUMMARYThe efTects of mixtures of ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and physiology of an Og-sensitive (NC-S) and an O^-resistant (NC-R) clone of white clover {Trifolium repens L.) were determined. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse with O3 treatments of 5 and 82 nl 1"' (ppb) for 6 h d"' and CO^ treatments of 380 (ambient), 490,600, and 710/<1F' (ppm) for 24 h d \ Enrichment with CO^ decreased foliar gas exchange (measured as stomatal resistance) of NC-R more than that of NC-S whereas O3 decreased gas exchange of NC-S more than that of NC-R. Ozone caused extensive foliar injury of NC-S but caused only slight injury of NC-R. CO^ enrichment suppressed Oj-induced foliar injury of NC-S as measured after 4 wk of exposure, but this effect diminished after 8 wk of exposure. CO^ enrichment decreased the relative chlorophyll content (//g of chlorophyll mg~* of leaf tissue sampled) but not the total chlorophyll (total chlorophyll in the leaves sampled). There were no O3 x COî nteractions for foliar chlorophyll. High concentrations of COj caused reddening of new leaves near the end of the 8 wk exposure period. COj enrichment decreased foliar concentrations of N, P, K, S, Cu, B, and Fe, increased foliar concentrations of Mn, but did not affect Zn, Ca, or Mg. Ozone exposure did not modify the CO^ effects on foliar nutrient concentration. Ozone decreased growth of NC-S but not NC-R while CO^ enrichment stimulated growth of both clones. The highest CO^ concentration appeared to decrease the efTects of O3 on growth of NC-S. However, except for a transitory effect on foliar injury, there was no evidence that CO.,, at concentrations less than the highest used in this study, will protect white clover from the effects of tropospheric O3.

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The Effects Of Ozone On Tobacco And Pinto Bean as Conditioned by Several Ecological Factors

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Injury, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Levels of Pea Plants following Ozone plus Sulfur Dioxide Exposures at Different Times of the Day

Injury, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Levels of Pea Plants following Ozone plus Sulfur Dioxide Exposures at Different Times of the Day

Effects of low ozone concentrations on growth of Betula pubescens Ehrh., Betula verrucosa Ehrh. and Alnus incana (L.) Moench

Effects of ozone and carbon dioxide mixtures on two clones of white clover

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